The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Wiens, R. C.; Maurice, S.; Barraclough, B. L.; Saccoccio, M.; Barkley, Walter; Bell, James F.; Bender, Steve; Bernardin, John D.; Blaney, D. L.; Blank, Jennifer; Bouyé, M.; Bridges, N. T.; Bultman, Nathan; Caïs, Phillippe; Clanton, Robert C.; Clark, B. C.; Clegg, S. M.; Cousin, A.; Cremers, David A.; Cros, A.; DeFlores, L.; Delapp, D.; Dingler, Robert; d’Uston, C.; Dyar, M. D.; Elliott, Tom; Enemark, Don; Fabre, C.; Flores, Mike; Forni, O.; Gasnault, O.; Hale, Thomas; Hays, C. C.; Herkenhoff, K. E.; Kan, Ed; Kirkland, L. E.; Kouach, Driss; Landis, D.R.; Langevin, Y.; Lanza, N.; LaRocca, Frank; Lasue, J.; Latino, Joseph; Limonadi, D.; Lindensmith, C. A.; Little, Cynthia; Mangold, N.; Manhès, G.; Mauchien, P.; McKay, Christopher P.; Miller, E.; Mooney, Joe; Morris, R. V.; Morrison, Leland; Nelson, Tony; Newsom, H. E.; Ollila, A.; Ott, Melanie N.; Parès, L.; Perez, René; Poitrasson, Franck; Provost, Cheryl; Reiter, Joseph W.; Roberts, T.; Romero, Frank; Sautter, V.; Salazar, Steven; Simmonds, John J.; Stiglich, R.; Storms, S. A.; Striebig, Nicolas; Thocaven, Jean-Jacques; Trujillo, Tanner; Ulibarri, Mike; Vaniman, D. T.; Warner, Noah; Waterbury, Rob; Whitaker, Robert; Witt, James; Wong-Swanson, Belinda

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6339-9_7

Cited by 109 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Moreover, successive LIBS shots on a single location gave no evidence of a surface coating or crust, but suggested instead a thin dust layer that was penetrated within 1-2 laser shots (3). Individual LIBS shots involved a spot size of ~0.45 mm and a penetration depth of ~0.5 µm (86,87). Although the differences between the JM1 and JM2n analyses (the two long-duration analyses; Table 1) are small in an absolute sense, none of the concentrations except Cr 2 O 3 overlap at the 2σ level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ChemCam Analyses Fourteen locations were analyzed by ChemCam (86,87) on JM with two sets of measurements (3, 88): a 5-point line-scan with points separated by ~6 mm on sol 45 while the target was at a distance of 3.8 m, and a 3×3 raster (total of 9 LIBS points separated by 7 mm horizontally and ~10 mm vertically) on sol 48 while the target was at a distance of 3.2 m (Figs. 1, S1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, S1). Thirty laser shots [spot size around 420-440 µm; (89)] were directed at each analysis location, each providing a spectrum at successive depths to a maximum depth of ~15 µm inside the rock (87). The 420 spectra obtained from the fourteen LIBS analysis locations show that JM is heterogeneous at scales > ~0.5 mm (and likely smaller), with the thirty spectra from each analysis location defining a separate compositional cluster in multi-dimensional component space.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Petrochemistry of Jake_M: A Martian Mugearite

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Jake_M, the first rock analyzed by the APXS instrument on the Curiosity rover, differs significantly in chemical composition from other known martian igneous rocks: It is alkaline (>15% normative nepheline) and relatively fractionated. Jake_M is similar compositionally to terrestrial mugearites, a rock type typically found at ocean islands and continental rifts. By analogy with these comparable terrestrial rocks, Jake_M could have been produced by extensive fractional crystallization of a primary alkaline or transitional magma at elevated pressure, with or without elevated water contents. The discovery of Jake_M suggests that alkaline magmas may be more abundant on Mars than on Earth and that Curiosity could encounter even more fractionated alkaline rocks (e.g., phonolites and trachytes). Introduction:

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Petrochemistry of Jake_M: A Martian Mugearite

Stolper

Baker

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et al. 2013

Science

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203

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“…Also of interest, this range would capture N-H stretching modes and C-H stretching modes of aliphatic and aromatic organic compounds [55]. These miniature spectrometers (f ∕4, crossed Czerny-Turner design) are based on flight heritage spectrometers (e.g., LCROSS, LADEE, O/OREOS, and MSL [56]), with minor modifications.…”

Section: Discussion a Feasibility For Planetary Surface Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized time-resolved Raman spectrometer for planetary science based on a fast single photon avalanche diode detector array

et al. 2016

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We present recent developments in time-resolved Raman spectroscopy instrumentation and measurement techniques for in situ planetary surface exploration, leading to improved performance and identification of minerals and organics. The time-resolved Raman spectrometer uses a 532 nm pulsed microchip laser source synchronized with a single photon avalanche diode array to achieve sub-nanosecond time resolution. This instrument can detect Raman spectral signatures from a wide variety of minerals and organics relevant to planetary science while eliminating pervasive background interference caused by fluorescence. We present an overview of the instrument design and operation and demonstrate high signal-to-noise ratio Raman spectra for several relevant samples of sulfates, clays, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Finally, we present an instrument design suitable for operation on a rover or lander and discuss future directions that promise great advancement in capability.

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“…It acquired 3D environmental information by binocular stereo vision and implemented path planning autonomously to avoid collision with obstacles [1,2]. In 2011, the Unite States launched the Curiosity for research tasks on Mars, and the installed manipulator realized the collection of rock and soil samples by the navigation and visual system on the Mars [3,4]. In 2013, Jade Rabbit which was equipped with visual system reached the moon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular Stereo Vision Based Obstacle Detection Method for Manipulator

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Liu²,

Liu³

et al. 2017

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Abstract. An obstacle detection method is proposed based on binocular stereo vision for manipulator. Firstly, images are preprocessed after camera calibration such as graying and distortion correction. Then, aiming at the defect that feature points are extracted mixed with many edge response points by traditional SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) algorithm, we propose wavelet transform to extract the edge points, and compare the edge points with feature points to further eliminate unstable feature points. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by obstacle detection and obstacle avoiding experiments. The results demonstrate that the improved SIFT algorithm can remove the edge responses that the DOG operator generates effectively, and improve the stability and anti-noise ability of SIFT algorithm compared with traditional SIFT algorithm.

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The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Cited by 109 publications

References 40 publications

The Petrochemistry of Jake_M: A Martian Mugearite

The Petrochemistry of Jake_M: A Martian Mugearite

Miniaturized time-resolved Raman spectrometer for planetary science based on a fast single photon avalanche diode detector array

Binocular Stereo Vision Based Obstacle Detection Method for Manipulator

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