The chemical and physical nature of plant surfaces in relation to the use of pesticides and to their residues

Crafts, A. S.; Foy, Chester L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8371-4_7

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…1, table I). Cuticles of different plant species vary considerably in composition and structure (4) an'd therefore comparisons between penetration rates throuigh cuticles obtained from stomatous and astomatous surfaces of the same plant species as employed in the present stuidv (dorsial and ventral leaf surfaces of Eifonyoniis jIaponicius) are nmore meaningful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasingly greater attention has been directed toward the importance of this common barrier to foliar entry of solutes. Although the morphology, physiology and biochemistry of plant cuticles have been discussed ( 1,4,5,16), the mode of entry of nutrient ions and other chemicals through the cuticles is not vet understood. Cuticular membranes have been isolated enzymically from ripe tomato fruits and onion leaves and their permeability, surface binding an-d ion exchange properties with respect to rubidium, calcium and urea have been studied (23,24,25).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Penetration of Iron and Some Organic Substances Through Isolated Cuticular Membranes

Kannan

1969

Plant Physiol.

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Abstract. Cuticular membranes were isolated enzymically from tomato fruits and from the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the leaves of Euonymus japonicus. Penetration of Fe from in the absence and presence of urea through the isolated cuticular membranes was studied. Fe from FeSO4 penetrated more rapidly through the cuticles than Fe from FeEDDHA. Urea reduced the penetration of Fe from FeSO4 and FeEDDHA. Binding of Fe on the inner surfaces of tomato fruit cuticles was also reduced by EDDHA.The results on the rates of penetration of 14C-labeled organic substances suggest a possible relationship with their molecular weights. Permeability coefficients for these solutes have been derived for the 3 types of cuticles, using Fick's equation. The penetration rates of all substances through stomatous cuticles far exceeded those through astomatous cutieles.Foliar absorption of nutrients is a multistep process (14). Adsorption on the surface of, and penetration of ions through the cuticle which covers the entire leaf surface are prerequisites (20,24) to active uptake of ions by leaf cells (12, 15). Increasingly greater attention has been directed toward the importance of this common barrier to foliar entry of solutes. Although the morphology, physiology and biochemistry of plant cuticles have been discussed ( 1, 4, 5, 16), the mode of entry of nutrient ions and other chemicals through the cuticles is not vet understood. Cuticular membranes have been isolated enzymically from ripe tomato fruits and onion leaves and their permeability, surface binding an-d ion exchange properties with respect to rubidium, calcium and urea have been studied (23,24,25). Urea penetrated the cuticular membranes at a remarkable rate and also enhanced the penetration of other ions (25).The permeability of enzymically isolated cuticular memibranes to 59Fe-labeled FeSO4 and FeEDDHA (ferric ethylenediamine di (o-hydroxyphenylacetate) in the absence and presence of urea, and also to 14C-labeled organic substances of different molecular weights are reported herein. The effects of EDDHA on Fe binding by the inner surface of tomato fruit cuticles were also studied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration of Iron and Some Organic Substances Through Isolated Cuticular Membranes

Kannan

1969

Plant Physiol.

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“…Wide differences in leaf sorption have been noted between species, with leaf age, with environmental conditions at the time of application and with the chemical properties of the spray formulation (Hull, 1970). Suggested routes of uptake include diffusion through the cuticle, absorption through trichomes and other surface structures or entry through stomata, either by vapour movement or liquid infiltration (Crafts and Foy, 1962;Sands and Bachelard, 1973a). Although the cuticle provides the initial site for spray deposition its role in foliar penetration is poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Changes in Leaf Epicuticular Waxes in Relation to Foliar Penetration

Baker

Hunt

1981

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYChanges in surface properties during expansion of the leaves of eight plant species have been examined in relation to the uptake of 1-naphthylacetic acid. Rates of wax production ranged from 01 ng cm"^ h"^ for sugar beet leaves to 6-2 nm cm"^ h~^ for leaves of Eucalyptus globulus. Individual leaves of all species maintained difFerent rates of wax production at their adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Rates of synthesis of wax fractions and their constituent homologues varied with surface and leaf age. The homologue distribution shifted towards components of longer chain length as the leaves expanded. Morphological changes in wax deposits were small and limited largely to increases or decreases in the density of the plate waxes. Rates of penetration of 1-naphthylacetic acid varied between species, between leaf surfaces and with age of tissue. The highest rates of uptake were confined to the period when the leaves expanded most rapidly. The decrease in penetration rate with increase in age of the tissue, common to most plants, was greatest for grape vine and Eucalyptus globulus leaves both of which maintained high rates of wax production during expansion.

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“…This is the first barrier to be penetrated before a chemical applied to a leaf can contact plant protoplasm. Al-though the permeability of the cuticular membrane to ions, herbicides, and pesticides has been discussed (3,7,9,11 ) their mode of entry through the cuticle is still not well understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration of Ions through Isolated Cuticles

1964

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The chemical and physical nature of plant surfaces in relation to the use of pesticides and to their residues

Cited by 31 publications

References 61 publications

Penetration of Iron and Some Organic Substances Through Isolated Cuticular Membranes

Penetration of Iron and Some Organic Substances Through Isolated Cuticular Membranes

Developmental Changes in Leaf Epicuticular Waxes in Relation to Foliar Penetration

Penetration of Ions through Isolated Cuticles

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