The chemical composition of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) wood in Poland depending on forest stand location and forest habitat type

Lachowicz, Hubert; Wroblewska, H.; Sajdak, Magdalena; Komorowicz, Magdalena; Wojtan, Rafał

doi:10.1007/s10570-019-02306-2

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The chemical composition of the used material is similar to information found in the literature [ 23 ]. Initial characterization of the birch wood chips indicates that this it is a promising feedstock suitable for further valorization due to the high amount of glucose and xylose.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Residual Birch Wood Lignocellulose after 2-Furaldehyde Production as a Potential Feedstock for Obtaining Fiber

et al. 2021

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From birch wood, it is possible to obtain both acetic acid and 2-furaldehyde as valuable value-added products. The main objective of this study was to develop a new wasteless technology for obtaining 2-furaldehyde, acetic acid, and lignocellulose (LC) residue usable as feedstock in further processing such as thermomechanical (TMP), alkaline peroxide mechanical (APMP), and sulfate pulping processes. To achieve this objective several screening tests were performed, and a further experimental plan was developed using DesignExpert11. Process yields were analyzed both in terms of total yield and at individual time increments. In addition, the obtained LC residue was also characterized. A unique bench-scale reactor system was used to obtain an LC material without pentoses and with maximum preservation of cellulose fiber for further research. Studies on the deacetylation and dehydration of birch wood hemicelluloses of pentose monosaccharides to 2-furaldehyde and acetic acid using orthophosphoric acid as a catalyst were carried out. Results showed that, depending on the used pre-treatment conditions, the 2-furaldehyde yield was from 0.04% to 10.84% oven dry mass (o.d.m.), the acetic acid yield was from 0.51% to 6.50% o.d.m., and the LC residue yield was from 68.13% to 98.07% o.d.m. with minimal content of admixtures. Process optimization using DesignExpert11 revealed that the main pre-treatment process parameters that influenced the yield of 2-furaldehyde in the pre-treatment process were process temperature (53.3%) and process duration (29.8%).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Residual Birch Wood Lignocellulose after 2-Furaldehyde Production as a Potential Feedstock for Obtaining Fiber

et al. 2021

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“…In view of the growing economic importance of birch wood in Poland, studies on its physical, mechanical, structural, and fuel properties were carried out, which showed that most of the studied parameters are significantly affected by location, habitat, age, and tree thickness (Lachowicz 2010a(Lachowicz , b, 2011a(Lachowicz , b, 2015Lachowicz and Paschalis-Jakubowicz 2011;Lachowicz et al 2018aLachowicz et al , b, 2019a. The influence of tree stand location and the forest habitat type on the chemical composition of birch wood was also previously studied by Lachowicz et al (2019b). The results of this research showed a statistically significant influence of stand location on all investigated components of the chemical structure of birch wood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

The effect of tree age on the chemical composition of the wood of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) in Poland

et al. 2019

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The article presents the results of a so far most extensive study on the effect of tree age on variation of the chemical structure of silver birch wood carried out in Poland. Field studies took place in 12 forestry districts distributed throughout the country. In each district, study sites were selected with stands aged approximately 30, 50, and 70 years in fresh broadleaved forest habitats, as well as in five districts in fresh mixed broadleaved forest habitats. Analyses were made of the contents of substances soluble in cold and hot water, ethanol and 1% NaOH, as well as the contents of cellulose, lignin, pentosans and ash, and the pH, of wood from 306 silver birch trees. Tree age was shown to have a significant effect on the contents of cellulose, pentosans, ash, and substances soluble in 1% NaOH. In the case of the other characteristics, age was found to have no significant effect. The cellulose content was lowest in 30-year-old stands and increased with tree age. Similar observations were made regarding ash content. Contents of pentosans and substances soluble in 1% NaOH were highest in the wood of the youngest trees. Since birch wood is used by the pulp and paper, board and energy industries, the knowledge of its chemical composition, depending on the age of the trees, can be of potential practical importance for its further application.

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“…This increase was attributed to the water hydrophilicity of BB as a filler which bonded almost all water from the adhesive mixture, thus leading to increased formaldehyde emission over The reduction in free formaldehyde emissions may be attributed to the high amount of lignin in the chemical composition of tree bark [98,99]. BB is reported to have approximately 50% lignin content [100,101]. Lignin is capable of reacting with formaldehyde in the acidic medium, the formed benzylic alcohols react with a lignin model compound which leads to formation of methylene-linked dimers [102].…”

Section: Formaldehyde Emission From Plywood Panelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Birch Bark as an Eco-Friendly Filler in Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives for Plywood Manufacturing

et al. 2021

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The potential of using ground birch (Betula verrucosa Ehrh.) bark as an eco-friendly additive in urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives for plywood manufacturing was investigated in this work. Five-ply plywood panels were fabricated in the laboratory from beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) veneers bonded with UF adhesive formulations comprising three addition levels of birch bark (BB) as a filler (10%, 15%, and 20%). Two UF resin formulations filled with 10% and 20% wheat flour (WF) were used as reference samples. The mechanical properties (bending strength, modulus of elasticity and shear strength) of the laboratory-fabricated plywood panels, bonded with the addition of BB in the adhesive mixture, were evaluated and compared with the European standard requirements (EN 310 and EN 314-2). The mechanical strength of the plywood with the addition of BB in the adhesive mixture is acceptable and met the European standard requirements. Markedly, the positive effect of BB in the UF adhesive mixture on the reduction of formaldehyde emission from plywood panels was also confirmed. Initially, the most significant decrease in formaldehyde release (up to 14%) was measured for the plywood sample, produced with 15% BB. After four weeks, the decrease in formaldehyde was estimated up to 51% for the sample manufactured with 20% BB. The performed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), also confirmed the findings of the study. As this research demonstrated, BB as a waste or by-product of wood processing industry, can be efficiently utilized as an environmentally friendly, inexpensive alternative to WF as a filler in UF adhesive formulations for plywood manufacturing.

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The chemical composition of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) wood in Poland depending on forest stand location and forest habitat type

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Residual Birch Wood Lignocellulose after 2-Furaldehyde Production as a Potential Feedstock for Obtaining Fiber

Residual Birch Wood Lignocellulose after 2-Furaldehyde Production as a Potential Feedstock for Obtaining Fiber

The effect of tree age on the chemical composition of the wood of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) in Poland

Utilization of Birch Bark as an Eco-Friendly Filler in Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives for Plywood Manufacturing

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