The chemical composition of the ethanolic extract from Chromolaena odorata leaves correlates with the cytotoxicity exhibited against colorectal and breast cancer cell lines

Abstract

Context: Colorectal and breast cancer are of particular cellular preventive concern. WIDR cells are an indicator of colorectal cancer development, while HTB and 4T1 cells are involved in breast cancer. The Chromolaena odorata was reported to interfere with the growth of the three cancer cells. Aims: To evaluate the bioactivity of C. odorata against the cytotoxicity of colorectal and breast cancer cells. Methods: Ethanol extract of C. odorata leaves was examined to find chemical compounds by GC-MS, quality of antioxidants by DPPH assay, and antioxidants quantity by flavonoids and phenolic assay, whereas ionic values were evaluated by the multi-tester meter also cytotoxicity on the WiDr, HTB, and 4T1 cancer cells by MTT assay. Results: C. odorata contained six antioxidant compounds with quality above 80%. Alpha-amyrin has the most retention time of 38.112 min. The C.odorata had an antioxidant rate (IC50) higher than vitamin C. Total flavonoids (72%) higher than total phenolic (28%), and both have a significant impact on the WiDr, HTB, and 4T1 cancer cells (p<0.05). The value of ionic dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and total dissolved solids was 33%, respectively (p>0.05).The C. odorata had a higher cytotoxicity effect on the 4TI and HTB cells in breast cancer than WiDr cancer cells in colorectal cancer. Conclusions: The C. odorata has significant antioxidant quality and quantity with a stable ionic value also has a cytotoxic effect on the WIDR, HTB, and 4T1 cancer cells.

Cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Chromolaena odorata on MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cells

“…Based on a previous study, the anticancer activity of C. odorata was detected from its ethanol extract in a dose-dependent manner [ 23 ]. Similarly, this study showed that treatment with 500 µg/mL EACO selectively decreased the viable cells of MCF-7 and T47D by more than 94% while preserving the Vero cells (61.3%).…”

“…Other compounds such as terpenoids (radicol and cadalene), sesquiterpenoids (germacrene D) and phenolic glycosides (citrusin) were found in the aerial parts and the whole plants of C. odorata [ 25 , 28 , 29 , 33 ]. Alpha amyrin, which was previously detected in this plant, is known to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which prevents cancer development [ 23 , 34 ]. The α, β-amyrin is a triterpenoid that functions as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and analgesic.…”

“…Flavonoids are essential in angiogenesis and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity of tumor cells, preventing cancer cell proliferation [ 37 ]. Several phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids, and glycosides of C. odorata have been identified based on the phytochemical analysis [ 23 ]. The functional properties of these compounds modulate the scavenging enzyme activities of ROS, playing a role in stopping the cell cycle by inducing autophagy and apoptosis to suppress cancer cell proliferation and invasion [ 38 ].…”

“…Studies have revealed the cytotoxic mechanism of this plant against the Ca151 breast cancer cell type by inhibiting Bcl2 expression and inducing apoptosis by inhibiting apoptosis signal kinase 1 against colorectal cancer [ 17 , 25 ]. However, previous studies only tested ethanol extract of this plant [ 23 ]. The aim of this study was to explore the potential cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate extract of C. odorata (EACO) on breast cancer cells.…”

Chromolaena odorata L. Leaf Extract Elevates Cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin on 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells

“…C. odorata is easy to find and has potential source of compounds to be used as a co-chemotherapeutic agent. In addition, C. odorata also has anticancer properties with cytotoxicity in cancer cells such as cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis (Yusuf, et al, 2021;Olawale, et al, 2022).…”