The chemical conversion and dispersion of toxic sodium fire aerosols in the atmosphere

Ramsdale, S.A.

doi:10.1016/0021-8502(89)90847-1

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is why the formation of sodium bicarbonate will not be considered for the chemical and toxicity analysis (conservative approach). As proposed previously by different authors like Cooper (1980), Cherdron et al (1984), and Ramsdale (1989), the carbonation of soda aerosols is slower due to the transfer of CO 2 through a porous solid layer of Na 2 CO 3 , and represents the limiting step of the chemical evolution to complete the carbonation of aerosols. This is why the present study has therefore focused on the carbonation reaction kinetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Previous studies by Clough and Garland (1971), Cooper (1980), and Ramsdale (1989) have shown that the shrinking core model appears to be suitable for predicting the chemical conversion of soda aerosols into sodium carbonate. This model has been validated (Gilardi et al 2013;Plantamp et al 2014) with experimental results provided by Hofmann et al (1979), Cherdron et al (1984), and Subramanian et al (2009), for aerosols with small diameters (1 mm) and for relative humidity (RH) levels above 20%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modeling of the chemical behavior of sodium fire aerosols during atmospheric dispersion

Plantamp

Gilardi

Muhr

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of liquid sodium as a coolant in sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFR) circuits requires studying the consequences of a sodium fire for safety analysis, and particularly the toxicological impact of sodium fire aerosols. More particularly, the carbonation of sodium fire aerosols from sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3) is investigated. A new kinetic model, based on the CO 2 reactive absorption and the two-film theory, is developed to describe the carbonation process of NaOH solutions, taking into account the NaOH aerosols' initial characteristics in equilibrium with the atmosphere. This model is applied for the case of NaOH aerosols considering the CO 2 absorption at the particle external surface. The estimation for the model parameters is detailed as function of NaOH degree of conversion, relative humidity (RH), and temperature. By comparisons with available experimental data, the absorption interfacial area is empirically estimated over the studied range of RH and initial particle diameter. The global sensitivity study of the model confirms its capabilities to describe NaOH aerosols' carbonation, waiting for new experimental data for validation.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Modeling of the chemical behavior of sodium fire aerosols during atmospheric dispersion

Plantamp

Gilardi

Muhr

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At this juncture, the carbon dioxide prevailed in the atmosphere diffuses into the particle and converting the species as carbonate. When the initial particle diameter is large, i.e., at high humidity conditions (at 90% RH), the particles have larger surface area, the particle is nothing but the solution of hydroxide, which enhance the diffusion of CO 2 into the particle, resulting carbonate conversion (total conversion) in lesser time (Ramsdale et al, 1989). An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the chemical speciation of aerosols with progress of time and reported that carbonation is faster in higher humidity condition (Subramainian et al, 2009;Ananthanarayanan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Evolution of Sodium Combustion Aerosol with Various RH%

Kumar

Subramanian

Baskaran

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies on sodium aerosol characteristics are very important for fast reactor safety. Physical and chemical changes that occur at various times at various atmospheric conditions to sodium aerosols would results particles in various diameters. In this context, a study has been conducted in Aerosol Test Facility, Radiological Safety Division, in which sodium combustion aerosols were generated in a controlled manner and made to hover in a confined volume. The particle diameter (Mass Median Diameter -MMD) is measured on-line with progress of time by using Mastersizer. The experiments are conducted by generating aerosols in two different mass concentrations viz. 3.0 g m -3 and 0.5 g m -3 and in three different relative humidity conditions viz. 20%, 50% and 90% to show the influence of relative humidity on the particle diameter. A theoretical simulation of particle growth due to coagulation is drawn and compared with the experimental value. It is observed that sodium combustion aerosols size grow due to absorption of moisture (hygroscopic growth) in the initial period of times say in first 20 minutes followed by Brownian coagulation. An empirical relation is determined based on the difference between coagulation growth and experimental observation and applied to match experimental observation of particle diameter. A detailed experimental procedure, theoretical simulation and comparison of results of particle growth between experimental observation and theoretical simulation are presented in this paper.

show abstract

Experimental study on the thermal flow characteristics of a columnar sodium fire affected by a small amount of fire extinguishing powder in a cylindrical confined space

Yan

Zhang

Zou

2020

Applied Thermal Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chemical conversion and dispersion of toxic sodium fire aerosols in the atmosphere

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Modeling of the chemical behavior of sodium fire aerosols during atmospheric dispersion

Modeling of the chemical behavior of sodium fire aerosols during atmospheric dispersion

Size Evolution of Sodium Combustion Aerosol with Various RH%

Experimental study on the thermal flow characteristics of a columnar sodium fire affected by a small amount of fire extinguishing powder in a cylindrical confined space

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About