The chemistry and bioactivity of various heartwood extracts from redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) against two species of fungi

Davies, Nicholas T.; Wu, Hsin-Fu; Altaner, Clemens M.

doi:10.1186/s40490-014-0017-4

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…1). Similar observations were reported by Davies et al (2014) for Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. (redwood) and Ohtani et al (2009) for Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don (sugi) heartwood extracts.…”

Section: Bioactivity Of Extractssupporting

confidence: 89%

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Bioactivity of ethanol extracts from Eucalyptus bosistoana F. Muell. heartwood

Mishra¹,

Garrill²,

Altaner³

2019

iForest

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Biogeosciences and Forestry Biogeosciences and Forestry Bioactivity of ethanol extracts from Eucalyptus bosistoana F. Muell. heartwoodGayatri Mishra (1) , Ashley Garrill (2) , Clemens M Altaner (1) Variability in bioactivity and chemical composition of Eucalyptus bosistoana F. Muell. heartwood extracts between individual trees from two different sites were investigated. Combining the results of fungal assays and quantitative gas chromatography (GC) of the extracts allowed the investigation of bioactive compounds. The bioactivity of extracts was assessed against white rot (Trametes versicolor [L.] Lloyd) and brown rot (Coniophora cerebella Pers.). Ethanol extracts from E. bosistoana heartwood were less effective on the white rot than against the brown rot. Variability in the bioactivity of extracts against the two fungi was observed between the trees. A site effect in the bioactivity was found for the white rot but not the brown rot. Bioactivity of the extracts against the white rot was not correlated to that against the brown rot. The absence of a relationship between of effects of the extracts on the relative growth rates of the white rot and the brown rot indicated that the two fungi were affected by different compounds. Thirty two compounds were quantified in E. bosistoana ethanol extracts by GC, of which six (benzoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 1,5-dihdroxy-12-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-anthra[2, 3-c]pyran-6,11-dione, octadecanoic acid, polyphenol and beta-sitosterol) were identified. Significant variability in eight compounds was found between the two sites. Multivariate (PLSR) analysis identified compounds at the retention times 10.2 and 11.5 min (hexadecanoic acid) to be most related to the bioactivity of the E. bosistoana heartwood extracts against white rot and brown rot.

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Section: Bioactivity Of Extractssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…GC has been a commonly used technique for the characterisation of wood extractives (Sitholé et al 1992, Gutiérrez et al 1998, Fernandez et al 2001. However, heartwood extractives often need to be derivatized by methylation, silylation or acetylation for GC analysis (Fernandez et al 2001, Davies et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of ethanol extracts from Eucalyptus bosistoana F. Muell. heartwood

Mishra¹,

Garrill²,

Altaner³

2019

iForest

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“…2A) and vastly different physical structure, but both likely deter colonization through secondary metabolites that prevent herbivory in their terrestrial environments. Redwood is known to be high in phenolic compounds, among other bioactive phytochemicals, and these seem to be effective against terrestrial and marine invertebrates alike (Scheffer 1966, Davies et al 2014. Although the defense strategies of tree ferns have not been investigated in detail, Pteridophytes are known to have many phytochemical defenses that deter herbivory (Page 2002) and when collected from the deep tropical Pacific tree ferns were devoid of colonists (pers.…”

Section: Lineidae Genus a Predatory Wormmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroinvertebrate community assembly on deep‐sea wood falls in Monterey Bay is strongly influenced by wood type

Judge

Barry

2016

Ecology

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Environmental filtering, including the influence of environmental constraints and biological interactions on species' survival, is known to significantly affect patterns of community assembly in terrestrial ecosystems. However, its role in regulating patterns and processes of community assembly in deep-sea environments is poorly studied. Here we investigated the role of wood characteristics in the assembly of deep-sea wood fall communities. Ten different wood species (substrata) that varied in structural complexity were sunk to a depth of 3,100 m near Monterey Bay, CA. In total, 28 wood parcels were deployed on the deep-sea bed. After 2 yr, the wood parcels were recovered with over 7,000 attached or colonizing macroinvertebrates. All macroinvertebrates were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible, and included several undescribed species. Diversity indices and multivariate analyses of variance detected significant variation in the colonizing community assemblages among different wood substrata. Structural complexity seemed to be the primary factor altering community composition between wood substrata. For example, wood-boring clams were most abundant on solid logs, while small arthropods and limpets were more abundant on bundles of branches that provided more surface area and small, protected spaces to occupy. Other factors such as chemical defenses, the presence of bark, and wood hardness likely also played a role. Our finding that characteristics of woody debris entering the marine realm can have significant effects on community assembly supports the notion of ecological and perhaps evolutionarily significant links between land and sea.

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“…To date, just a handful of studies have been performed on the composition and properties of timber solvent extracts that have attracted limited attention from the wood-processing industry (Wu et al, 2011b). Davies et al (2014) studied solvent extracts from Sequoia sempervirens and concluded that the compounds they extracted were likely responsible for improvement of natural timber durability. The identification and characterization of bioactive compounds in C. lanceolata and their potential exploitation are likely to benefit both the commercial forestry and the wood-processing industries.…”

Section: The Chemical Composition Of Red-heart Chinese Firmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highly valued Davies et al, 2014 Lechang Chinese fir Increased commercial value Duan et al, 2016b Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) Use limited; decreased value Knoke, 2003Pöhler et al, 2006Wernsdorfer et al, 2005 Populus simonii var.przewalskii Decreased wood quality and value An, 1979 Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas fir) Used more than non-reddish heartwood Ronch et al, 2016 (Davies et al, 2014). Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) has desirable wood properties and is disease resistant.…”

Section: Applications Of Red-heart Chinese Fir Wood Properties Of Redmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cunninghamia lanceolata variant with red-heart wood: a mini-review

HongFang¹,

Deng²,

Zhang³

et al. 2018

Dendrobiology

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Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is one of the most important tree species in the ecology and economy of China. This conifer has produced many cultivars following a long period of lineage divergence. Red-heart Chinese fir is a variant of Cunninghamia lanceolata, with many special characteristics and worth to promote. Some studies have shown that this excellent variant originated in Jiangxi Province. This review introduces the red-heart Chinese fir to the world and focuses on the characteristics and the economic value of this taxon. Red-heart Chinese fir is famous for the possession of a shiny, chestnut brown xylem that sorrouds the pith; the red-heart wood ratio of this species is more than 50.5%, and can be as high as 80% in mature forests. The red-heart characteristics increases this tree's value, while simultaneously decreasing the value of timber from some other species with red-heart wood, for example, Fagus sylvatica. Previous research on red-heart Chinese fir has focused on its cultivation, value and utilization, including methods of propagation, genetic resources, its chemical composition and wood application. The mechanisms that underlie the formation of these characteristics, however, have seldom been researched and discussed. Although redheart Chinese fir is one of the most valuable variants of C. lanceolata, the formation of this species has been neglected. The conclusion of this review comprises a perspective on future research, including how genetics and environment affect the formation of red-heart in Chinese fir. The relationships between the formation of red-heart Chinese fir and the properties of cambium and ray cell walls as well as other cells in the stem are important research gaps in this taxon.

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The chemistry and bioactivity of various heartwood extracts from redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) against two species of fungi

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Bioactivity of ethanol extracts from Eucalyptus bosistoana F. Muell. heartwood

Bioactivity of ethanol extracts from Eucalyptus bosistoana F. Muell. heartwood

Macroinvertebrate community assembly on deep‐sea wood falls in Monterey Bay is strongly influenced by wood type

Cunninghamia lanceolata variant with red-heart wood: a mini-review

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