The chemistry and energetics of the interface between metal halide perovskite and atomic layer deposited metal oxides

Abstract

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SnOx Atomic Layer Deposition on Bare Perovskite—An Investigation of Initial Growth Dynamics, Interface Chemistry, and Solar Cell Performance

“…Since the submission of our paper, another study on the interface of perovskites with oxides deposited by ALD has been published. 22 The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of this paper shows core-level features similar to our spectra in the analysis of a perovskite/SnO x interface, with the observation of new bromine, lead, and nitrogen species. However, in this recent study, the new Br feature is assigned to the formation of Br 2 at the interface.…”

“…Additionally, the new Pb 4f component could also be related to PbBr 2 , as was recently suggested. 22 We note that we have observed that the binding energy difference between Pb 4f 7/2 and Br 3d 5/2 is about 0.3–0.4 eV larger for PbBr 2 than for mixed halide perovskites 44 and not 0.6 eV as observed here. This suggests that the formation of lead–oxygen bonds at least contributes to the new Pb 4f feature.…”

“… 26 , 27 A parallel study also showed that TiO 2 could successfully be deposited on (Cs,FA)Pb(Br,I) 3 . 22 …”

“…Similarly, previous studies and a parallel study have shown that high-quality SnO x can be grown on (FA,MA)Pb(Br,I) 3 and (Cs,FA)Pb(Br,I) 3 surfaces as an electron transport layer (ETL) using a thermal ALD process with tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin(IV) (TDMASn) and H 2 O as the precursors, without harming the perovskite bulk. 17 , 18 , 22 The resulting solar cell performance was unfortunately found to be low, despite the seemingly successful process, and upon closer inspection, an interface layer was identified as a possible cause of failure. 17 , 18 , 22 …”

“… 17 , 18 , 22 The resulting solar cell performance was unfortunately found to be low, despite the seemingly successful process, and upon closer inspection, an interface layer was identified as a possible cause of failure. 17 , 18 , 22 …”