The chemistry behind 4D printing

Pinho, Ana C.; Buga, Cláudia Pessa; Piedade, Ana P.

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100611

Cited by 50 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…More recently, additive fabrication techniques, such as three-dimensional printing (3D printing), have been proposed to manufacture custom-made mouthguards. One of the most significant advantages of 3D printing is producing complex shapes and personalized devices, preferably for a low number of specimens [117,118]. These characteristics correspond entirely to what is desired for the type of device and application considered, where every athlete has a unique anatomic mouth arcade.…”

Section: D Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present Status in Polymeric Mouthguards. A Future Area for Additive Manufacturing?

et al. 2020

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Athletes from contact sports are more prone to orofacial injuries because of the exposure to possible shocks and collisions derived from physical proximity. The use of protector polymeric mouthguards proved to be useful in the prevention of the described injuries. There are different types of mouthguards with varying ranges of protection and prices, but they are all made from polymers and share the same propose: to absorb and dissipate the impact energy resulting from the shocks. As they are used inside the mouth, they should not impair breathing and speaking nor compromise the comfort of the athlete. However, the ideal mouthguard is yet to be created. The choice of the most appropriate polymeric material and the standard required properties have not yet been reported. Regardless of the numerous studies in this field, normalized control parameters for both material characterization and mouthguard fabrication are absent. This paper aims to present a review of the current types of available mouthguards and their properties/characteristics. Moreover, a detailed description of the most common polymers for the fabrication of mouthguards, together with the manufacturing techniques, are discussed.

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Section: D Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present Status in Polymeric Mouthguards. A Future Area for Additive Manufacturing?

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, considering that the building orientation is the same for the T and P h specimens, these results show that the geometry of the printed component/part greatly influences the mechanical properties. This observation can be helpful when designing for AM with the purpose of shape-morphing with time, i.e., 4D printing [ 35 , 36 ], and taking advantage of the different relaxation behavior of the same material depending on the chosen geometry.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Build Orientation, Geometry and Artificial Saliva Aging on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Poly(ε-caprolactone)

Pinho

Piedade

2021

Materials

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Additive manufacturing of polymers has evolved from rapid prototyping to the production of functional components/parts with applications in distinct areas, ranging from health to aeronautics. The possibility of producing complex customized geometries with less environmental impact is one of the critical factors that leveraged the exponential growth of this processing technology. Among the several processing parameters that influence the properties of the parts, the geometry (shape factor) is amid less reported. Considering the geometric complexity of the mouth, including the uniqueness of each teething, this study can contribute to a better understanding of the performance of polymeric devices used in the oral environment for preventive, restorative, and regenerative therapies. Thus, this work aims to evaluate 3D printed poly(ε-caprolactone) mechanical properties with different build orientations and geometries. Longitudinal and transversal toolpaths produced specimens with parallelepiped and tubular geometry. Moreover, as it is intended to develop devices for dentistry, the influence of artificial saliva on mechanical properties was determined. The research concluded that the best mechanical properties are obtained for parallelepiped geometry with a longitudinal impression and that aging in artificial saliva negatively influences all the mechanical properties evaluated in this study.

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“…This technique offers a wide range of advantages and has been exhaustively looked at in recent years. Pinho et al has conducted an excellent review on the multiple actuation methods for 4 D printing, and has made a special distinction to multi-material bilayer printing (Pinho et al, 2020). We will provide here a summary and an introduction to understand the potential of this technology on the use of AM fibre/particle reinforced SMPCs.…”

Section: Multi-materials Shape Memory Polymer Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in additive manufacturing of shape memory polymer composites

Garces

Ayranci

2021

RPJ

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Purpose A review on additive manufacturing (AM) of shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) is put forward to highlight the progress made up to date, conduct a critical review and show the limitations and possible improvements in the different research areas within the different AM techniques. The purpose of this study is to identify academic and industrial opportunities. Design/methodology/approach This paper introduces the reader to three-dimensional (3 D) and four-dimensional printing of shape memory polymers (SMPs). Specifically, this review centres on manufacturing technologies based on material extrusion, photopolymerization, powder-based and lamination manufacturing processes. AM of SMPC was classified according to the nature of the filler material: particle dispersed, i.e. carbon, metallic and ceramic and long fibre reinforced materials, i.e. carbon fibres. This paper makes a distinction for multi-material printing with SMPs, as multi-functionality and exciting applications can be proposed through this method. Manufacturing strategies and technologies for SMPC are addressed in this review and opportunities in the research are highlighted. Findings This paper denotes the existing limitations in the current AM technologies and proposes several directions that will contribute to better use and improvements in the production of additive manufactured SMPC. With advances in AM technologies, gradient changes in material properties can open diverse applications of SMPC. Because of multi-material printing, co-manufacturing sensors to 3D printed smart structures can bring this technology a step closer to obtain full control of the shape memory effect and its characteristics. This paper discusses the novel developments in device and functional part design using SMPC, which should be aided with simple first stage design models followed by complex simulations for iterative and optimized design. A change in paradigm for designing complex structures is still to be made from engineers to exploit the full potential of additive manufactured SMPC structures. Originality/value Advances in AM have opened the gateway to the potential design and fabrication of functional parts with SMPs and their composites. There have been many publications and reviews conducted in this area; yet, many mainly focus on SMPs and reserve a small section to SMPC. This paper presents a comprehensive review directed solely on the AM of SMPC while highlighting the research opportunities.

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The chemistry behind 4D printing

Cited by 50 publications

References 144 publications

Present Status in Polymeric Mouthguards. A Future Area for Additive Manufacturing?

Present Status in Polymeric Mouthguards. A Future Area for Additive Manufacturing?

Influence of Build Orientation, Geometry and Artificial Saliva Aging on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Poly(ε-caprolactone)

Advances in additive manufacturing of shape memory polymer composites

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