The Chemistry of Sexual Deception in an Orchid-Wasp Pollination System

Schiestl, Florian P.; Peakall, Rod; Mant, Jim; Ibarra, Fernando; Schulz, Claudia; Franke, Stephan; Francke, Wittko

doi:10.1126/science.1087835

Cited by 301 publications

(309 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A 4-way comparison of orchid, rice, grape and A. thaliana (Fig. 1a) showed that there were 5,696 gene families shared by all 4 species, and 4,775 gene families were unique to P. equestris, more than in A. thaliana (2,647) and grape (3,634) but fewer than in rice (10,905). For all species, expanded and contracted gene families (in comparison to ancestors) were compared with those of P. equestris to identify gene families that were only expanded or contracted in P. equestris.…”

Section: Genome Annotation and Gene Expression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome sequence of the orchid Phalaenopsis equestris

et al. 2014

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Orchidaceae, renowned for its spectacular flowers and other reproductive and ecological adaptations, is one of the most diverse plant families. Here we present the genome sequence of the tropical epiphytic orchid Phalaenopsis equestris, a frequently used parent species for orchid breeding. P. equestris is the first plant with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) for which the genome has been sequenced. Our assembled genome contains 29,431 predicted protein-coding genes. We find that contigs likely to be underassembled, owing to heterozygosity, are enriched for genes that might be involved in self-incompatibility pathways. We find evidence for an orchid-specific paleopolyploidy event that preceded the radiation of most orchid clades, and our results suggest that gene duplication might have contributed to the evolution of CAM photosynthesis in P. equestris. Finally, we find expanded and diversified families of MADS-box C/D-class, B-class AP3 and AGL6-class genes, which might contribute to the highly specialized morphology of orchid flowers

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Section: Genome Annotation and Gene Expression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome sequence of the orchid Phalaenopsis equestris

et al. 2014

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“…deceptive orchid Chiloglottis trapeziformis (Peakall, 1990;Schiestl et al, 1999;Ayasse et al, 2000;Schiestl et al, 2003), where the flower releases the scent mimic of the sex pheromone produced by female Neozeleboria cryptoides wasps in order to attract male wasps as pollinators (Schiestl et al, 2003). Scent can also mediate differential attraction of pollinators between two closely related flower species; for example, Petunia axillaris emits a scent profile attractive to crepuscular moths, whereas bee-and hummingbirdpollinated Petunia (P. integrifolia and P. exserta, respectively) exhibit visual and olfactory characteristics that are attractive to their cognate pollinators (Hoballah et al, 2005;Klahre et al, 2011).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Three floral volatiles contribute to differential pollinator attraction in monkeyflowers (Mimulus)

Byers

Bradshaw

Riffell

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

121

118

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Flowering plants employ a wide variety of signals, including scent, to attract the attention of pollinators. In this study we investigated the role of floral scent in mediating differential attraction between two species of monkeyflowers (Mimulus) reproductively isolated by pollinator preference. The emission rate and chemical identity of floral volatiles differ between the bumblebee-pollinated Mimulus lewisii and the hummingbird-pollinated M. cardinalis. Mimulus lewisii flowers produce an array of volatiles dominated by D-limonene, β-myrcene and E-β-ocimene. Of these three monoterpenes, M. cardinalis flowers produce only D-limonene, released at just 0.9% the rate of M. lewisii flowers. Using the Bombus vosnesenskii bumblebee, an important pollinator of M. lewisii, we conducted simultaneous gas chromatography with extracellular recordings in the bumblebee antennal lobe. Results from these experiments revealed that these three monoterpenes evoke significant neural responses, and that a synthetic mixture of the three volatiles evokes the same responses as the natural scent. Furthermore, the neural population shows enhanced responses to the M. lewisii scent over the scent of M. cardinalis. This neural response is reflected in behavior; in two-choice assays, bumblebees investigate artificial flowers scented with M. lewisii more frequently than ones scented with M. cardinalis, and in synthetic mixtures the three monoterpenes are necessary and sufficient to recapitulate responses to the natural scent of M. lewisii. In this system, floral scent alone is sufficient to elicit differential visitation by bumblebees, implying a strong role of scent in the maintenance of reproductive isolation between M. lewisii and M. cardinalis.

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“…Pollination by sexual deception is most prevalent in the Orchidaceae, and commonly in these sexually deceptive orchids, pollinator attraction has a significant olfactory component, including pheromone mimicry [25,26]. However, more recently a parallel system of sexual deception has emerged outside of the Orchidaceae, in Gorteria diffusa Thunb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral trait variation and integration as a function of sexual deception inGorteria diffusa

Ellis

Jager

Mellers

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Phenotypic integration, the coordinated covariance of suites of morphological traits, is critical for proper functioning of organisms. Angiosperm flowers are complex structures comprising suites of traits that function together to achieve effective pollen transfer. Floral integration could reflect shared genetic and developmental control of these traits, or could arise through pollinator-imposed stabilizing correlational selection on traits. We sought to expose mechanisms underlying floral trait integration in the sexually deceptive daisy, Gorteria diffusa , by testing the hypothesis that stabilizing selection imposed by male pollinators on floral traits involved in mimicry has resulted in tighter integration. To do this, we quantified patterns of floral trait variance and covariance in morphologically divergent G. diffusa floral forms representing a continuum in the levels of sexual deception. We show that integration of traits functioning in visual attraction of male pollinators increases with pollinator deception, and is stronger than integration of non-mimicry trait modules. Consistent patterns of within-population trait variance and covariance across floral forms suggest that integration has not been built by stabilizing correlational selection on genetically independent traits. Instead pollinator specialization has selected for tightened integration within modules of linked traits. Despite potentially strong constraint on morphological evolution imposed by developmental genetic linkages between traits, we demonstrate substantial divergence in traits across G. diffusa floral forms and show that divergence has often occurred without altering within-population patterns of trait correlations.

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The Chemistry of Sexual Deception in an Orchid-Wasp Pollination System

Cited by 301 publications

References 14 publications

The genome sequence of the orchid Phalaenopsis equestris

The genome sequence of the orchid Phalaenopsis equestris

Three floral volatiles contribute to differential pollinator attraction in monkeyflowers (Mimulus)

Floral trait variation and integration as a function of sexual deception inGorteria diffusa

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