The chicken genome contains no HMG1 retropseudogenes but a functional HMG1 gene with long introns

Lum, H.K.; Lee, Kam-Len Daniel; Yu, Guoying Karen

doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00164-0

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…sequences could be found in nonmammals such as duck and sea urchin (Hutchison et al 1989). If L1 is, indeed, the agent retroposing RPCs, it is not surprising that HMG RPCs could not be found in chicken (Landsman et al 1988;Srikantha et al 1989;Lum et al 2000).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retroposed Copies of the HMG Genes: A Window to Genome Dynamics

Strichman-Almashanu

Bustin²,

Landsman³

2003

Genome Res.

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Retroposed copies (RPCs) of genes are functional (intronless paralogs) or nonfunctional (processed pseudogenes) copies derived from mRNA through a process of retrotransposition. Previous studies found that gene families involved in mRNA translation or nuclear function were more likely to have large numbers of RPCs. Here we characterize RPCs of the few families coding for the abundant high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins in humans. Using an algorithm we developed, we identified and studied 219 HMG RPCs. For slightly more than 10% of these RPCs, we found evidence indicating expression. Furthermore, eight of these are potentially new members of the HMG families of proteins. For three RPCs, the evidence indicated expression as part of other transcripts; in all of these, we found the presence of alternative splicing or multiple polyadenylation signals. RPC distribution among the HMGs was not even, with 33-65 each for HMGB1, HMGB3, HMGN1, and HMGN2, and 0-6 each for HMGA1, HMGA2, HMGB2, and HMGN3. Analysis of the sequences flanking the RPCs revealed that the junction between the target site duplications and the 5Ј-flanking sequences exhibited the same TT/AAAA consensus found for the L1 endonuclease, supporting an L1-mediated retrotransposition mechanism. Finally, because our algorithm included aligning RPC flanking sequences with the corresponding HMG genomic sequence, we were able to identify transcribed regions of HMG genes that were not part of the published mRNA sequences.

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Section: Mechanism Of Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retroposed Copies of the HMG Genes: A Window to Genome Dynamics

Strichman-Almashanu

Bustin²,

Landsman³

2003

Genome Res.

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“…2a), suggesting that there was other regulatory mechanism may be involved in HMGN2 expression. Studies have shown that pseudogenes play a role in many physiological and pathological processes and participate in the function of genes by regulating the mRNA expression of coding genes with similar sequences (Lum et al, 2000;Pain et al, 2005). In our study, whether there is a pseudogene of HMGN2 to regulate its expression.…”

Section: Hmgn2 Is Upregulated During Sap and Targeted By Mir-590-3pmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…It has been shown to pseudogenes act as affinity endogenous RNAs that regulate other RNA transcripts through affinity shared miRNAs (An et al, 2017). Interestingly, the frequency of pseudogenes such as HMG, OCT4 and Nanog was higher than expected (Lum et al, 2000;Pain et al, 2005), suggesting that it may be involved in the coordination and maintenance of related functions of their parent genes. Liu and his teams reported that pseudogene HMGA1P6 acted as a competitive endogenous RNA to promote ovarian cancer cell malignancy by upregulating HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression (Tian et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudogene HMGN2P46 as a microRNA sponge to regulate HMGN2 expression via competing for miR-590-3p in severe acute pancreatitis

Zhao¹,

Liu²,

LIU³

et al. 2022

Biocell

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HMGN2 have functions in inflammatory response. However, the role of HMGN2 in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) remains unclear. Here, our study was to discuss the role and regulatory mechanism ofHMGN2 in SAP. In this study, the SAP cell model of AR42J was used to study the function and mechanism of HMGN2 in SAP. The protein expression in cells and serums were examined by western blot and ELISA assay. qPCR was used to test the transcriptional RNA level. Cell viability were examined by MTT assay. Luciferase assay was used to evaluate the interaction between gene and gene. Our results showed that HMGN2 was significantly upregulated in SAP patients. The database predicted and luciferase assay data indicated the HMGN2 was directly binding with miR-590-3p. ELISA, MTT and western blot experiments showed that the HMGN2 were promoted the cell proliferation, reduced the inflammation, and repressed the cell autophagy. Mechanism studies showed that the pseudogene HMGN2P46 level was positively correlated with HMGN2 and upregulated HMGN2 expression by competing for miR-590-3p in SAP. Taken together, all over these results showed upregulation of HMGN2 alleviates SAP, this process was regulated by HMGN2P46 competitively binding with miR-590-3p, which may provide a new insight for the treatment and intervention in SAP.Pseudogene HMGN2P46 was a miRNA sponge to regulate HMGN2 level by competing for miR-590-3p to alleviate the process of SAP. It provided a novel strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.

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The spleen accumulates advanced glycation end products in the chicken: Tissue comparison made with rat

Kita

2014

Poultry Science

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Glycation starts from nonenzymatic amino-carbonyl reaction that binds carbonyl group of reducing sugars to the amino group of amino acids. Glycation leads to further complex reactions to form advanced glycation end products (AGE). Because AGE are implicated in the gradual development of diabetic complications, tissue accumulation of AGE has been widely examined in various tissues of rats. Avian species are known to have high body temperature and blood glucose concentration compared with mammals. Although these characteristics enabled chickens to be used as experimental models for diabetes mellitus, the information of AGE accumulation in various tissues of chickens has not been limited so far. In the present study, therefore, the radioactive AGE prepared by reacting (14)C-glucose and amino acids were intravenously administrated, and comparison of tissue accumulation of (14)C-labeled AGE was made between chickens and rats. At 30 min after administration, tissues (18-20) were collected, and the radioactivity incorporated into tissues was determined. High levels of radioactivity per gram of tissue in the liver and kidney were observed in both rats and chickens. In chickens but not rats, a large amount of (14)C-labeled AGE incorporated into 1 g of spleen was observed, and the specific accumulation of AGE in the avian spleen might have a particular role in immune response in avian species.

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The chicken genome contains no HMG1 retropseudogenes but a functional HMG1 gene with long introns

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Retroposed Copies of the HMG Genes: A Window to Genome Dynamics

Retroposed Copies of the HMG Genes: A Window to Genome Dynamics

Pseudogene HMGN2P46 as a microRNA sponge to regulate HMGN2 expression via competing for miR-590-3p in severe acute pancreatitis

The spleen accumulates advanced glycation end products in the chicken: Tissue comparison made with rat

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