The Chilling Injury Induced by High Root Temperature in the Leaves of Rice Seedlings

Abstract

Root temperature is found to be a very important factor for leaves to alter the response and susceptibility to chilling stress. Severe visible damage was observed in the most active leaves of seedlings of a japonica rice (Oryza sativa cv. Akitakomachi), e.g. the third leaf at the third-leaf stage, after the treatment where only leaves but not roots were chilled (L/H). On the other hand, no visible damage was observed after the treatment where both leaves and roots were chilled simultaneously (L/L). The chilling injury induced by L/H, a novel type of chilling injury, required the light either during or after the chilling in order to develop the visible symptoms such as leaf bleaching and tissue necrosis. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters measured after various lengths of chilling treatments showed that significant changes were induced before the visible injury. The effective quantum yield and photochemical quenching of PSII dropped dramatically within 24 h in both the presence and absence of a 12 h light period. The maximal quantum yield and non-photochemical quenching of PSII decreased significantly only in the presence of light. On the other hand, L/H chilling did not affect the function of PSI, but caused a significant decrease in the electron availability for PSI. These results suggest that the leaf chilling with high root temperature destroys some component between PSII and PSI without the aid of light, which causes the over-reduction of PSII in the light, and thereby the visible injury is induced only in the light.

GGE biplot analysis of multi-environment yield trials of rice produced in a temperate climate

“…The effects of cold on the crop depend on the growth stage, intensity, and exposure time (Díaz et al, 2006). Low temperatures can cause physiological alterations in rice (de Los Reyes et al, 2003;Aghaee et al, 2011); for example, reduced chlorophyll content (Aghaee et al, 2011), decreased photosynthetic activity (Allen and Ort, 2001;Díaz et al, 2006;Suzuki et al, 2008), and increased reactive oxygen species. Low temperatures during reproductive stages can decrease fertility, thus reducing rice grain yield (Shimono et al, 2002;Sato et al, 2011).…”

Analysis of Sugar Content and Expression of Sucrose Transporter Genes (<i>OsSUTs</i>) in Rice Tissues in Response to a Chilling Temperature

“…Rice is of tropical origin and very sensitive to low temperatures, and chilling injury can occur in rice plants exposed to temperatures below 12°C (Koike & Satake 1987, Satake 1976, Suzuki et al 2008. Young microspores at the booting stage show the greatest sensitivity to chilling, and male (pollen) sterility induced by chilling temperatures causes serious loss of grain yield in rice (Satake 1976).…”

Effects of Low Temperature on Leaf Anatomy and Photosynthetic Performance in Different Genotypes of Wheat Following a Rice Crop

“…The level of chlorophyll fluorescence in living plants reflects the utilization and dissipation of excitation energy by PSII, an effective probe of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll fluorescence of rice seedlings were significantly changed after subjected to cold treatment for different durations (Suzuki et al, 2008). Rapid fluorescence dynamics could be used to screen wheat varieties for strong cold tolerance after in vitro freezing experiments on wheat leaves (Rapacz and Wozniczka, 2009).…”