The chimpanzee and other non-human-primate models in HIV-1 vaccine research

Nath, Brett; Schumann, Kristen; Boyer, Jean

doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(00)01816-3

Cited by 71 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We have studied the effects of brain infection by the simian immunodeficiency virus, a lentivirus that shares many similarities with HIV-1 (Lackner, 1994;Whetter et al, 1999;Nath et al, 2000). Brain infection by these viruses is thought to produce A, FAAH staining in control animals was limited to gray matter (Gm) portions of the cortex, specifically in pyramidal neurons (inset).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Glial Endogenous Cannabinoid System Is Upregulated in the Brains of Macaques with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Induced Encephalitis

Benito¹,

Kim²,

Chavarría³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

145

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent evidence supports the notion that the endocannabinoid system may play a crucial role in neuroinflammation. We explored the changes that some elements of this system exhibit in a macaque model of encephalitis induced by simian immunodeficiency virus. Our results show that profound alterations in the distribution of specific components of the endocannabinoid system occur as a consequence of the viral infection of the brain. Specifically, expression of cannabinoid receptors of the CB 2 subtype was induced in the brains of infected animals, mainly in perivascular macrophages, microglial nodules, and T-lymphocytes, most likely of the CD8 subtype. In addition, the endogenous cannabinoid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase was overexpressed in perivascular astrocytes as well as in astrocytic processes reaching cellular infiltrates. Finally, the pattern of CB 1 receptor expression was not modified in the brains of infected animals compared with that in control animals. These results resemble previous data obtained in Alzheimer's disease human tissue samples and suggest that the endocannabinoid system may participate in the development of human immunodeficiency virusinduced encephalitis, because activation of CB 2 receptors expressed by immune cells is likely to reduce their antiviral response and thus could favor the CNS entry of infected monocytes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Glial Endogenous Cannabinoid System Is Upregulated in the Brains of Macaques with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Induced Encephalitis

Benito¹,

Kim²,

Chavarría³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

145

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This permits direct evaluation of the protective potential of candidate vaccines. On balance, nonhuman primate models have significant disadvantages, which include cost, availability, uncertain value in predicting human immune responses, and the molecular and immunogenetic diversity of SIV, HIV/SIV, and HIV (14,21,22,40,59). Nonetheless, the limited species tropism of HIV makes finding relevant animal models for vaccine testing difficult.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Dendritic Cells Transduced with Herpes Simplex Virus Amplicons Encoding Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 Elicit Adaptive Immune Responses from Human Cells Engrafted into NOD/SCID Mice and Confer Partial Protection against HIV-1 Challenge

Gorantla

Santos

Meyer

et al. 2005

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nonhuman primate models of AIDS play an important role in testing the efficacy of HIV therapies and vaccines (6,11,12). These models permit repeated measurement of VL throughout the course of infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Viral Load in Plasma of Rhesus Monkeys Inoculated with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus or Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Implications for Using Nonhuman Primate AIDS Models To Test Vaccines and Therapeutics

Regan

Reimann

2001

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Viral RNA level in plasma is a sensitive experimental endpoint for evaluating the efficacy of AIDS vaccines or therapies in nonhuman primates. By quantifying viral RNA in the plasma of 77 rhesus monkeys for 10 weeks after inoculation with simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6P (SHIV-89.6P) or simian immunodeficiency virus mac 251 (SIVmac 251), we estimated variability in three viral load (VL) measures: peak VL, the postacute set point VL, and VL decline from peak. Such estimates of biological variability are essential for determining the number of animals needed per group and may be helpful for selecting the most appropriate measure to use as the experimental endpoint. Peak VL was positively correlated with set point VL for both viruses. Variability (standard deviation) was substantially higher in monkeys infected with SIVmac 251 than in those infected with SHIV-89.6P for set point VL and VL decline. The variability of peak VL was less than one-half that of set point VL variability and only about two-thirds of that of VL decline, implying that the same treatment-related difference in peak VL could be detected with fewer animals than set point VL or VL decline. Thus, differences in VL variability over the course of infection and between viruses need to be considered when designing studies using the nonhuman primate AIDS models.

show abstract

The chimpanzee and other non-human-primate models in HIV-1 vaccine research

Cited by 71 publications

References 34 publications

A Glial Endogenous Cannabinoid System Is Upregulated in the Brains of Macaques with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Induced Encephalitis

A Glial Endogenous Cannabinoid System Is Upregulated in the Brains of Macaques with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Induced Encephalitis

Human Dendritic Cells Transduced with Herpes Simplex Virus Amplicons Encoding Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 Elicit Adaptive Immune Responses from Human Cells Engrafted into NOD/SCID Mice and Confer Partial Protection against HIV-1 Challenge

Variability of Viral Load in Plasma of Rhesus Monkeys Inoculated with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus or Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Implications for Using Nonhuman Primate AIDS Models To Test Vaccines and Therapeutics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About