“…Croix 1963), Jews in medieval Europe (Kisch 1970), small tribes in colonial East Africa (Beidelman 1966(Beidelman , 1967, Central Asians in the former Soviet Union (Massell 1964), Bedouin Arabs in contemporary Israel (Shamir 1996), and various immigrant communities in contemporary Amsterdam (Punch 1979). In American history, the list includes Native Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans and Mormons at various times (see, e.g., Hall and Simkus 1975;Wunder 1983;Kim 1984;Norgren and Nanda 1996, Chapters 1, 3, 4 and 5), hippies in 1960s America (Steffensmeier and Terry 1973) and rock musicians for as long as rock has existed (Heitzeg 1996, Chapter 13). Numerous other groups could be mentioned here as well, with the experience of each illustrating what is evidently a more general pattern.…”