The Chinese back shu and front mu points and their segmental innervation1

Mayor, David

doi:10.1016/j.dza.2008.05.006

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The partial role of dermatomes observed in this study considering all channel acupoints resolved the contradiction of studies regarding a subset of acupoints showing negligible, partial, or strong relationship between dermatomes and therapeutic characteristics of acupoints [7,18-23]. Discrepancies in the observed relationship between dermatomes and therapeutic characteristics of acupoints were due to the applied methods for investigation of the relationship and the coverage of channel acupoints, while most previous studies [18-23] investigated acupoints located in the trunk ( i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Discrepancies in the observed relationship between dermatomes and therapeutic characteristics of acupoints were due to the applied methods for investigation of the relationship and the coverage of channel acupoints, while most previous studies [18-23] investigated acupoints located in the trunk ( i.e. shu, mu and Huatuo-Jiaji acupoints), where a major spatial relationship between the acupoint skin loci and the visceral efferent innervation was expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of dermatomes in the determination of therapeutic characteristics of channel acupoints: a similarity-based analysis of data compiled from literature

Ferreira

Luiz

2013

Chin Med

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BackgroundAnalysis of the relationship between the nervous system anatomy and the therapeutic characteristics of all acupuncture points in the channel network may provide new insights on the physiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture stimulation for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation purposes. This study investigates the association between the similarity of acupoints’ dermatomes, traditional actions, and contemporary indications.MethodsChannel acupoints had their characteristics annotated from a literature review of four topographic atlases of Chinese medicine and one atlas of human anatomy: initials of the channel’s name (n = 14), sequential number in the channel (n = 67), acupoint’s name (n = 361), dermatomes related to perpendicular needle insertion (n = 31), traditional actions (n = 848), and contemporary indications (n = 1143). Jaccard’s similarity coefficient quantified the similarities between dual acupoints. All dual acupoints were evaluated to generate similarity matrices for each nominal variable. Cross-tables were generated by simultaneous classification of variables into levels of similarity with respect to: dermatomes versus traditional actions, dermatomes versus contemporary indications, and traditional actions versus contemporary indications. Goodman-Kruskal γ and Rousson γ*2 were calculated based on cross-tables, bootstrap and permutated samples to evaluate the association and determination coefficient between variables, respectively.ResultsSignificant associations were observed between levels of similarities of dermatomes and traditional actions (γ = 0.542; P < 0.001), dermatomes and contemporary indications (γ = 0.657; P < 0.001), and traditional actions and contemporary indications (γ = 0.716; P < 0.001). Similarities of dermatomes explained 16% of the variance of traditional actions and 25% of contemporary indications. Traditional actions explained 30% of the variance of contemporary indications. The association between traditional actions and contemporary indications was the highest one (γ = 0.716, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = [0.715; 0.719]), followed by the association between dermatomes and contemporary indications (γ = 0.622, 95% CI = [0.621; 0.623]), and between dermatomes and traditional actions (γ = 0.446, 95% CI = [0.444; 0.447]), all with P < 0.001.ConclusionsThe similarity of dermatomes between dual acupoints partially determined the similarity of traditional actions and contemporary indications, therefore dermatomes partially determine the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of dermatomes in the determination of therapeutic characteristics of channel acupoints: a similarity-based analysis of data compiled from literature

Ferreira

Luiz

2013

Chin Med

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“…In support, a retrospective study of 175 dogs and cats with Back- Shu or Abdomen- Mu point sensitivity and their blood chemistry showed that there is at least a single correlation of the point sensitivity with a concurrent rise in the internal organs-associated chemistry values [49]. Back- Shu and Abdomen- Mu points are known to be related segmentally to the internal organs [50, 51]. Visceral pain is referred to segmental somatic areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Acupoints Prescription Flow Chart Based on Meridian Theory: A Retrospective Study in 102 Dogs

Jeong¹,

Song

Jo³

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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To help the clinicians prescribe acupoints easily and effectively, we developed one simple flow chart to select acupoints. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of flow chart to select acupoints in dogs. Total 102 dogs showing intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) (n = 12), vomiting (n = 11), diarrhea (n = 2), abdominal pain (n = 5), cough (n = 66), or epilepsy (n = 6) received acupuncture treatment according to the chart, and its outcomes were evaluated as regards clinical symptoms, duration, treatment numbers, and recovery time. Dogs (8/8) with IVDD from grades I to III recovered over periods of 5 days to 6 weeks after 1–12 treatments, while 1/4 dogs with grade IV recovered over 7 weeks after 15 treatments. Vomiting dogs with acute/subacute (n = 8) and chronic symptoms (n = 3) required about 1 and 7 treatments to recover fully, respectively. All dogs (n = 5) with abdominal pain showed fast relief within 24 hours after acupuncture. Two diarrhea cases recovered over 2–9 days after 1-2 treatments. Fifty-four of 66 coughing dogs were recovered by 1-2 treatments. And 5 of 6 epilepsy dogs under a regular acupuncture treatment had no epileptic episode during followup of 12 months. These results suggest that this flow chart can help the clinicians prescribe acupoints effectively.

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“…In the following text, we will review the works of Head alongside with some classics of Chinese medicine in order to check for similarities between the two areas. An extensive review of existent (English) literature revealed that over the past three decades many authors have proposed connections between Head zones and acupoints (see for example [17][18][19]. Even more works have focussed on parallels with dermatomes and segmental innervation, respectively.…”

Section: Mu and Shu Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgotten Features of Head Zones and Their Relation to Diagnostically Relevant Acupuncture Points

Ots¹,

Mayor²,

Beißner

et al. 2009

Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur

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In the 1890s Sir Henry Head discovered certain areas of the skin that develop tenderness (allodynia) in the course of visceral disease. These areas were later termed 'Head zones'. In addition, he also emphasized the existence of specific points within these zones, that he called 'maximum points', a finding that seems to be almost forgotten today. We hypothesized that two important groups of acupuncture points, the diagnostically relevant Mu and Shu points, spatially and functionally coincide with these maximum points to a large extent. A comparison of Head's papers with the Huang Di Neijing (Yellow Thearch's Inner Classic) and the Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing (Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), two of the oldest still extant Chinese sources on acupuncture, revealed astonishing parallels between the two concepts regarding both point locations and functional aspects. These findings suggest that the Chinese discovery of viscerocutaneous reflexes preceded the discovery in the West by more than 2000 years. Furthermore, the fact that Chinese medicine uses Mu and Shu points not only diagnostically but also therapeutically may give us new insights into the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture.

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The Chinese back shu and front mu points and their segmental innervation1

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Role of dermatomes in the determination of therapeutic characteristics of channel acupoints: a similarity-based analysis of data compiled from literature

Role of dermatomes in the determination of therapeutic characteristics of channel acupoints: a similarity-based analysis of data compiled from literature

Simple Acupoints Prescription Flow Chart Based on Meridian Theory: A Retrospective Study in 102 Dogs

Forgotten Features of Head Zones and Their Relation to Diagnostically Relevant Acupuncture Points

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