The Chlorophyll Content of Arctic Sea-Ice

Apollonio, Spencer

doi:10.14430/arctic3674

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…1987). In the Arctic, both positive and negative correlations between algal abundance and light availability have been reported (Apollonio 1961, 1965, Clasby e t al. 1976, Horner 1985.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The availability of light influences ice algal abun-dance and production in the Arctic, Antarctic and Subarctic (Apollonio 1961, 1965, Gosselin et al 1985, Horner 1985, Grossi et al 1987, Smith et al 1988. In Hudson Bay, light was found limiting to algal photosynthesis in the first half of the growth season but increased to inhibitory levels in the later season (Gosselin et al 1985(Gosselin et al , 1986, while in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, light was found limiting to algal production throughout the growth season (Grossi e t al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abundance and production of ice algae n Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic

Smith¹,

Anning²,

Clément³

et al. 1988

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

124

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Abundance and photosynthetic activity of ice algae in Resolute Passage in the Canadian high Arctic were measured in relation to in situ irradiance throughout the main growth season in 1985 and 1986. A simple model was used to calculate in situ production rates and the theoretical maximum (light limited) size of crops and production rates. Both the observed and the maximum possible crop sizes and production rates varied directly with irradiance over the natural range of snow cover, and crops attained the theoretical maximum imposed by self-shading (77 to 225 mg m-' chlorophyll a under thin snow cover) in both years. Calculated in situ production of ice algae under thin snow cover (S to 23 gC m-2 yr-l) could equal or exceed typical values for Arctic plankton. Comparison against observed biomass accumulation in the ice indicated that as much as 65 % of the production could be exported from the ice during the growth season. Where light was artificially increased by maintaining snow-free areas, observed crops were much less than the theoretical maximum despite the abscence of photosynthetic photoinhibition. Crops reported from some other arctic sites were also much less than their corresponding theoretical maxima. Low irradiance often limits ice algal growth, but our results suggest that losses associated with excessive irradiance and with grazing by amphipods at near-shore sites are additional factors determining algal abundance and production.

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“…1987). In the Arctic, both positive and negative correlations between algal abundance and light availability have been reported (Apollonio 1961, 1965, Clasby e t al. 1976, Horner 1985.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and production of ice algae n Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic

Smith¹,

Anning²,

Clément³

et al. 1988

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

124

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“…Under conditions of low light (ca 2 to 25 pE m-2 S-') and temperature (-1.8"C) in the high Canadian Arctic ice algae, predominantly pennate diatoms, form dense populations (up to ca 100 to 300 mg chl m-2) in a thin layer (ca 1 cm) on the bottom of 1 to 2 m of annual sea ice (Apollonio 1961, 1965, Cota 1985, Smith et al 1987, 1988. In addition to augmenting total marine productivity, ice algae extend the brief summer open water season of phytoplankton production by about 2 mo in spring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is little doubt that light availability has a major influence on ice algal biomass and production in the Arctic, Subarctic and Antarctic (Apollonio 1961, 1965, Clasby et al 1976, Horner & Schrader 1982, Gosselin et al 1985, Horner 1985, Grossi et al 1987, Smith et al 1987, 1988, SooHoo et al 1987, especially during the winter-spring transition when incident irradiance increases dramatically. Growth irradiance (in situ light level) can also be manipulated and maintained fairly easily by stabilizing surface snow cover with a low profile snow fence (Cota 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical control of arctic ice algal production

Cota¹,

Home²

1989

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

105

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Algal colonization of annual sea ice in the hlgh Arctic approximates plate culture. presenting a model system for physiological studies of natural populations of marine microalgae. Time series of observations were made in the Northwest Passage during the latter half of the spring bloom. Although in situ temperature, salinity and irradiance were nearly constant, the photosynthetic performance of ice algae as indicated by maximum assimilation rates (pmB, mg C mg chl-' h-') and photosynthetic efficiencies ( a , nlg C mg chl-' h-' (p E m-' s-')-') displayed large, low-frequency fluctuations.In contrast, the photoadaptive index, Ik (LIE m-* S-'), varied little up until the last few days of our study when snow cover melted and transmitted light increased rapidly. When compared to cells from other snow covers or light histories, algal populations from a snow-free area exhibited higher asslmdation rates and photoadaptive indices but had similar photosynthetic efficiencies and lower standing stocks. Nutrient fluxes in the 'surface mixed layer' also varied by about an order of magnitude over the fortnightly tidal cycle. Tidally dominated vertical mixing results in a pulsed nutrient regime which is apparently reflected in a modulation of algal photosynthesis and growth.

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“…Bunt ( 1963)) Bunt and Wood ( 1963), and Bunt and Lee (1970) reported considerable growth in the brash layer below the 1-2-m-thick ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Apollonio (1961) Sobscrved a brownish layer of algae at the bottom of sea ice near Devon Island in the Arctic Ocean. Clasby et al (1972) have observed the spring buildup of a %cm-thick layer of algae (most commonly Nitzschia frigida Grunow) on the underside of seasonal sea ice near Point Barrow, Alaska.…”

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confidence: 99%

The spectral distribution of light beneath first‐year sea ice in the Arctic Ocean1

Maykut

Grenfell

1975

Limnology & Oceanography

146

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Spectral transmission data in the 400-1,000-nm range were obtained from about 60 sites beneath first-year sea ice near Point Barrow, Alaska. The amount of energy reaching the ocean depended strongly on the nature of the upper surface. Maximum transmission occurred in the 450-550-nm region, regardless of surface conditions or ice thickness. Initial results were influenced by the presence of interstitial algae in the lower part of the ice. The characteristic signature of thcsc algae was a secondary peak at about 540 nm. Results are generalized to provide estimates of the magnitude and composition of downwelling irradiance beneath the types of ice typically encountered in coastal portions of the Arctic Ocean.

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The Chlorophyll Content of Arctic Sea-Ice

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Abundance and production of ice algae n Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic

Abundance and production of ice algae n Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic

Physical control of arctic ice algal production

The spectral distribution of light beneath first‐year sea ice in the Arctic Ocean1

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