The Choline/Ethanolamine Kinase Family in Arabidopsis: Essential Role of CEK4 in Phospholipid Biosynthesis and Embryo Development

Lin, Ying-Zu; Liu, Yu-chi; Nakamura, Yuki

doi:10.1105/tpc.15.00207

Cited by 64 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…GUS expression of ProLPAT4:LPAT4‐GUS lpat4‐1 lpat5‐1 and ProLPAT5:LPAT5‐GUS lpat4‐1 lpat5‐1 was observed at various growth stages and in different organs by histochemical GUS staining as described (Lin et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID ACYLTRANSFERASES 4 and 5 are involved in glycerolipid metabolism and nitrogen starvation response in Arabidopsis

2019

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Summary Nitrogen (N) deficiency triggers an accumulation of a storage lipid triacylglycerol (TAG) in seed plants and algae. Whereas the metabolic pathway and regulatory mechanism to synthesize TAG from diacylglycerol are well known, enzymes involved in the supply of diacylglycerol remain elusive under N starvation. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT) catalyzes an important step of the de novo phospholipid biosynthesis pathway and thus has a strong flux control in the biosynthesis of phospholipids and TAG. Five LPAT isoforms are known in Arabidopsis; however, the functions of LPAT4 and LPAT5 remain elusive. Here, we show that LPAT4 and LPAT5 are functional endoplasmic‐reticulum‐localized LPATs. Seedlings of the double knockout mutant lpat4‐1 lpat5‐1 showed reduced content of phospholipids and TAG under normal growth condition. Under N starvation, lpat4‐1 lpat5‐1 seedlings showed severer growth defect than the wild‐type in shoot. The phenotype was similar to dgat1‐4, which affects a major TAG biosynthesis pathway and showed similarly reduced TAG content as the lpat4‐1 lpat5‐1. We suggest that LPAT4 and LPAT5 may redundantly function in endoplasmic‐reticulum‐localized de novo glycerolipid biosynthesis for phospholipids and TAG, which is important for the N starvation response in Arabidopsis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID ACYLTRANSFERASES 4 and 5 are involved in glycerolipid metabolism and nitrogen starvation response in Arabidopsis

2019

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“…The fourth DMR also was in intergenic space, albeit 800 bp upstream from CEK3. CEK3 encodes a protein, most highly transcribed in the hypocotyl, that is a part of the Choline/Ethanolamine Kinase family, for which CEK4 has been implicated in phospholipid biosynthesis and embryo development; however, mutation of CEK3 did not lead to the same phenotypes (Lin et al, 2015). It is unclear whether this DMR upstream of CEK3 would be of biological significance; however, it does not appear to be required for transgenerational drought stress, as it was only evident in four of the six drought lineage progeny profiled.…”

Section: Transgenerational Inheritance and Methylome Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis DNA Methylome Is Stable under Transgenerational Drought Stress

et al. 2017

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Improving the responsiveness, acclimation, and memory of plants to abiotic stress holds substantive potential for improving agriculture. An unresolved question is the involvement of chromatin marks in the memory of agriculturally relevant stresses. Such potential has spurred numerous investigations yielding both promising and conflicting results. Consequently, it remains unclear to what extent robust stress-induced DNA methylation variation can underpin stress memory. Using a slow-onset water deprivation treatment in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we investigated the malleability of the DNA methylome to drought stress within a generation and under repeated drought stress over five successive generations. While drought-associated epialleles in the methylome were detected within a generation, they did not correlate with drought-responsive gene expression. Six traits were analyzed for transgenerational stress memory, and the descendants of drought-stressed lineages showed one case of memory in the form of increased seed dormancy, and that persisted one generation removed from stress. With respect to transgenerational drought stress, there were negligible conserved differentially methylated regions in drought-exposed lineages compared with unstressed lineages. Instead, the majority of observed variation was tied to stochastic or preexisting differences in the epigenome occurring at repetitive regions of the Arabidopsis genome. Furthermore, the experience of repeated drought stress was not observed to influence transgenerational epi-allele accumulation. Our findings demonstrate that, while transgenerational memory is observed in one of six traits examined, they are not associated with causative changes in the DNA methylome, which appears relatively impervious to drought stress.

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“…In this second pathway-also known as the serine phosphorylation (Rontein et al, 2001;Lin et al, 2015) undergoes three sequential phospho-120 base methylations catalysed by phosphoethanolamine-N-methyltransferases phospho-base pathway, especially in its first step, are expected to exhibit severe defects, and 138 even lethality, unless additional routes for PC synthesis exist .…”

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NMT1 and NMT3 N-Methyltransferase Activity Is Critical to Lipid Homeostasis, Morphogenesis, and Reproduction

et al. 2018

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54Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major membrane phospholipid and a precursor for most 55 signalling molecules. Understanding its synthesis is important for improving plant growth, 56 nutritional value and resistance to stress. PC synthesis is complex, involving several 57 interconnected pathways, one of which proceeds from serine-derived phosphoethanolamine 58(PEA) to form phosphocholine (PCho) through three sequential phospho-base methylations 59 catalysed by phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferases (PEAMTs). The contribution of 60 this pathway to the production of PC and plant growth has been a matter of some debate.

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The Choline/Ethanolamine Kinase Family in Arabidopsis: Essential Role of CEK4 in Phospholipid Biosynthesis and Embryo Development

Cited by 64 publications

References 31 publications

LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID ACYLTRANSFERASES 4 and 5 are involved in glycerolipid metabolism and nitrogen starvation response in Arabidopsis

LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID ACYLTRANSFERASES 4 and 5 are involved in glycerolipid metabolism and nitrogen starvation response in Arabidopsis

The Arabidopsis DNA Methylome Is Stable under Transgenerational Drought Stress

NMT1 and NMT3 N-Methyltransferase Activity Is Critical to Lipid Homeostasis, Morphogenesis, and Reproduction

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