The chondroitin/dermatan sulfate synthesizing and modifying enzymes in laryngeal cancer: Expressional and epigenetic studies

Abstract

BackgroundSignificant biochemical changes are observed in glycosaminoglycans in squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. The most characteristics are in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate fine structure and proportion, which might be due to differential expression of the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. The aim of the present work was the investigation in expressional and epigenetic level of the enzymes involved in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate biosynthesis in laryngeal cancer.MethodsTissues subjected to total RNA and DNA isolation, and protein extraction. The techniques used in this study were RT-PCR analysis, western blotting and methylation specific PCR.ResultsWe identified that many enzymes were expressed in the cancerous specimens intensively. Dermatan sulfate epimerase was expressed exclusively in the cancerous parts and in minor amounts in healthy tissues; in the macroscopically normal samples it was not detected. Furthermore, chondroitin synthase I and chondroitin polymerizing factor were strongly expressed in the cancerous parts compared to the corresponding normal tissues. Sulfotransferases, like chondroitin 6 sulfotransferase 3, were highly expressed mainly in healthy specimens.ConclusionsThe study of the various chondroitin/dermatan synthesizing enzymes revealed that they were differentially expressed in cancer, in human laryngeal cartilage, leading to specific chondroitin/dermatan structures which contributed to proteoglycan formation with specific features. The expression of the examined enzymes correlated with the glycosaminoglycan profile observed in previous studies.

Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of chondroitin polymerizing factor inhibits glioma cell growth in vitro

“…Therefore, CHPF may play an important role in tumor progression. However, to date, only 3 studies have revealed the expression level of CHPF in cancer, including colorectal cancer (10), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (21) and laryngeal cancer (22). To date, the function and the role of CHPF in human types of cancer remain unknown.…”

Metabolism of Cartilage Proteoglycans in Health and Disease

“…In cancer of cartilaginous tissues, many changes at the expression level of almost all enzymes involved in CS/DS biosynthesis are observed [ 38 ]. Little evidence has been provided regarding the cellular pool responsible for the altered biosynthesis, which suggests that the malignant cells penetrating cartilage are responsible for at least some of these changes.…”

Altered expression of a unique set of genes reveals complex etiology of Schizophrenia

“…The BCL6, MCL-1 and ANPEP are also known to be implicated in many other cancers (Akgul, 2009;Sørensen et al, 2013;Walker et al, 2015). A specific gene for the breast cancer (SAFB2, NCBI Gene ID: 9667, lost in 20% of the breast cancer cases (Oesterreich, 2003), and also few genes which are associated with specific functions in the body and depleted in various tumors/cancers as genes specific for chondrogenesis (CHSY1, NCBI Gene ID: 22856) (Fernandes, 2014;Kalathas et al, 2010) and connective tissue formation (HAPLN1, NCBI Gene ID: 1404) (Ivanova et al, 2009;Sim, Hu, & Viapiano, 2009) were also found significantly altered in SCZ (Table 1).…”