The Chordin Morphogenetic Pathway

Robertis, Edward M. De; Moriyama, Yuki

doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.10.003

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In addition, we could not find Sog in the transcriptome of Gryllus rubens (Berdan et al, 2016) and we failed to clone sog from Gryllus bimaculatus and another cricket species (Acheta domesticus) via degenerate PCR. This came as a surprise as Sog is an antagonist of the BMP signalling pathway that is conserved from coelenterates to vertebrates (De Robertis and Moriyama, 2016;Saina et al, 2009) and it is present in the genomes of several polyneopteran insect species, like the stick insect Timema cristinae (our own BLAST search in the NCBI BioProject: PRJNA357256), the cockroach Blattella germanica (GenBank: PSN34641.1) and the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis (NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_021915980.1). We generated a Hidden Markov Model trained to identify insect Sog protein sequences and used it to search for Sog homologs in available orthopteran transcriptomes (Figure 2, Supplementary file 1).…”

Section: The Tgfβ and Toll Pathway Components Of Gryllus Bimaculatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striking parallels between dorsoventral patterning in Drosophila and Gryllus reveal a complex evolutionary history behind a model gene regulatory network

Pechmann

Kenny

Pott

et al. 2021

eLife

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Dorsoventral pattering relies on Toll and BMP signalling in all insects studied so far, with variations in the relative contributions of both pathways. Drosophila and the beetle Tribolium share extensive dependence on Toll, while representatives of more distantly related lineages like the wasp Nasonia and bug Oncopeltus rely more strongly on BMP signalling. Here, we show that in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, an evolutionarily distant outgroup, Toll has, like in Drosophila, a direct patterning role for the ventral half of the embryo. In addition, Toll polarizes BMP signalling, although this does not involve the conserved BMP inhibitor Sog/Chordin. Finally, Toll activation relies on ovarian patterning mechanisms with striking similarity to Drosophila. Our data suggest two surprising hypotheses: 1) that Toll's patterning function in Gryllus and Drosophila is the result of convergent evolution or 2) a Drosophila-like system arose early in insect evolution, and was extensively altered in multiple independent lineages.

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Section: The Tgfβ and Toll Pathway Components Of Gryllus Bimaculatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striking parallels between dorsoventral patterning in Drosophila and Gryllus reveal a complex evolutionary history behind a model gene regulatory network

Pechmann

Kenny

Pott

et al. 2021

eLife

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“…Chordin is part of a self‐organizing network of secreted proteins that bind to each other in the extracellular space (De Robertis & Moriyama ). As shown in Figure , the Chordin biochemical pathway comprises the entire embryo.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). For every action on the dorsal side there is a reaction on the ventral side, resulting in a constant BMP signaling gradient during gastrulation, even as the blastopore becomes smaller during the movements of epiboly that enclose the yolk (Little & Mullins ; De Robertis & Moriyama ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of animal form by the Chordin/Tolloid/BMP gradient: 100 years after D'Arcy Thompson

2017

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The classic book "On Growth and Form" by naturalist D'Arcy Thompson was published 100 years ago. To celebrate this landmark, we present experiments in the Xenopus embryo that provide a framework for understanding how simple, quantitative transformations of a morphogen gradient might have affected evolution and morphological diversity of organisms. D'Arcy Thompson proposed that different morphologies might be generated by modifying physical parameters in an underlying system of Cartesian coordinates that pre-existed in Nature and arose during evolutionary history. Chordin is a BMP antagonist secreted by the Spemann organizer located on the dorsal side of the gastrula. Chordin generates a morphogen gradient as first proposed by mathematician Alan Turing. The rate-limiting step of this dorsal-ventral (D-V) morphogen is the degradation of Chordin by the Tolloid metalloproteinase in the ventral side. Chordin is expressed at gastrula on the dorsal side where BMP signaling is low, while at the opposite side peak levels of BMP signaling are reached. In fishes, amphibians, reptiles and birds, high BMP signaling in the ventral region induces transcription of a secreted inhibitor of Tolloid called Sizzled. By depleting Sizzled exclusively in the ventral half of the embryo we were able to expand the ventro-posterior region in an otherwise normal embryo. Conversely, ventral depletion of Tolloid, which stabilizes Chordin, decreased ventral and tail structures, phenocopying the tolloid zebrafish mutation. We explain how historical constraints recorded in the language of DNA become subject to the universal laws of physics when an ancestral reaction-diffusion morphogen gradient dictates form.

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“…In addition we could not find Sog in the transcriptome of Gryllus rubens (Berdan et al, 2016) and we failed to clone sog from Gryllus bimaculatus and another cricket species (Acheta domesticus) via degenerate PCR. This came as a surprise as Sog is an antagonist of the BMP signalling pathway which is conserved from coelenterates to vertebrates (De Robertis and Moriyama, 2016;Saina et al, 2009) and it is present in the genomes of several polyneopteran insect species, like the stick insect Timema cristinae (our own BLAST search in the NCBI BioProject: PRJNA357256), the cockroach Blattella germanica (GenBank: PSN34641.1) and the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis (NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_021915980.1). We generated a Hidden Markov Model trained to identify insect Sog protein sequences and used it to search for Sog homologs in available orthopteran transcriptomes ( Figure 2).…”

Section: The Tgfβ and Toll Pathway Components Of Gryllus Bimaculatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striking parallels between dorsoventral patterning inDrosophilaandGryllusreveal a complex evolutionary history behind a model gene regulatory network

Pechmann

Kenny

Pott

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Dorsoventral pattering relies on Toll and BMP signalling in all insects studied so far, with variations in the relative contributions of both pathways. Drosophila and the beetle Tribolium share extensive dependence on Toll, while representatives of more distantly related lineages like the wasp Nasonia and bug Oncopeltus rely more strongly on BMP signalling. Here, we show that in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, an evolutionarily distant outgroup, Toll has, like in Drosophila, a direct patterning role for the ventral half of the embryo. In addition Toll polarizes BMP signalling, although this does not involve the conserved BMP inhibitor Sog/Chordin. Finally, Toll activation relies on ovarian patterning mechanisms with striking similarity to Drosophila. Our data suggest two surprising hypotheses: 1) that Toll's patterning function in Gryllus and Drosophila is the result of convergent evolution or 2) a Drosophila-like system arose early in insect evolution, and was extensively altered in multiple independent lineages.

show abstract

The Chordin Morphogenetic Pathway

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Striking parallels between dorsoventral patterning in Drosophila and Gryllus reveal a complex evolutionary history behind a model gene regulatory network

Striking parallels between dorsoventral patterning in Drosophila and Gryllus reveal a complex evolutionary history behind a model gene regulatory network

Generation of animal form by the Chordin/Tolloid/BMP gradient: 100 years after D'Arcy Thompson

Striking parallels between dorsoventral patterning inDrosophilaandGryllusreveal a complex evolutionary history behind a model gene regulatory network

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