The Chromium, Cobalt, and Nickel Contents of American Cement and Their Relationship to Cement Dermatitis

Perone, Vernon B.; Moffitt, A. E.; Possick, Paul; Key, Marcus M.; Danzinger, Stephen J.; Gellin, Gerald A.

doi:10.1080/0002889748507038

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Soluble chromium compound content was from I to 83 ppm (6). In 42 samples of American cement, the overall chromium content was from 5 to 124 ppm, and that of soluble chromium was from 0.1 to 5.4 ppm (7). In the results presented, overall chromium content in cement was similar to that found in other countries (55-58 ppm).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Occupational dermatoses and allergy to metals in Polish construction workers manufacturing prefabricated building units

Kieć-Swierczyńska

1990

Contact Dermatitis

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The incidence of dermatoses and allergy to metals (Cr, Co, Ni) was determined in 1782 workers exposed to cement, waste fly ash and asbestos cement. They were also exposed to reclaimed (used), mineral oils. Dermatitis was found in 23.6% of the subjects, and oil acne in 11.2%. Allergy to chromium was found in 23% of the subjects; the % of definitely positive patch test results (the total of positive +(+) and strongly positive +(+)+ was, however, 8.6%. Allergy to cobalt was found in 13.4% of the subjects examined (definite in 3.1%). Allergy to nickel was found in 2.7% of the subjects (definite in 1.1%). The risks of occurrence of occupational skin disease and allergy to metals in subjects exposed to ash were found to be lower than in subjects exposed to cement, and were similar to those in subjects exposed to asbestos cement. Overall chromium, cobalt and nickel contents in ash and asbestos were higher than in cement. Soluble chromium compound content in ash was lower than in cement from European countries and similar to that in American cement.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Lower soluble chromium compound content in ash results in its weak allergic effect. The content of soluble chromium compounds is lower than in some samples of cement analyzed in Europe (6) and closer to the content of these compounds in American cement (7).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Occupational dermatoses and allergy to metals in Polish construction workers manufacturing prefabricated building units

Kieć-Swierczyńska

1990

Contact Dermatitis

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“…When American cements were analyzed for total Cr content, and particularly for Cr(VI), it was detectable in 18 of 42 samples in concentrations varying from 0.1 to 5.4 g/kg cement, while the total Cr content ranged from 5 to 124 g/kg (Perone et al 1974). Moreover, when Fregert and Gruvberger (1972) analyzed 59 samples of Portland cement from nine European countries it was found that contents of Cr(VI) extractable with sodium sulfate varied from 1 to 83 g/kg of cement, while total Cr concentrations ranged from 35 to 173 g/kg.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk to humans of consuming metals in anchovy (Coilia sp.) from the Yangtze River Delta

Liu

et al. 2009

Environ Geochem Health

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Concentrations of metals were determined in four species of anchovy (Coilia sp.) from the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake, and Hongze Lake in Jiangsu Province, China. Concentrations of Cr in anchovy fish muscle ranged from 2.6 × 10(-2) to 5.0 mg/kg ww, and Coilia nasus taihuensis in Jiaoshan, Taihu Lake contained the highest concentrations of Cr, which was almost 111-fold higher than the mean value at other locations. Concentrations of Pb ranged from 1.5 × 10(-2) to 1.3 × 10(-1) mg/kg ww. Comparisons of concentrations of lead (Pb) among the four species indicated that anadromous species contained higher concentrations of Pb than did freshwater species. However, concentrations of Pb in C. nasus from the Nanjing and Haimen locations in the Yangtze River were not significant higher than those of two freshwater species: C. nasus taihuensis from Taihu Lake and C. brachygnathus from Hongze Lake (Duncan's test, α = 0.05). While concentrations of Cd and Zn ranged from 7.0 × 10(-4) to 3.6 × 10(-3) mg/kg ww and 3.4 to 4.8 mg/kg ww, respectively, there were no significant differences in concentrations among the eight locations. The only concentration of the metals studied that exceeded the Chinese National Standard was Cr in Coilia from Jiaoshan, Taihu Lake, which was 2.5-fold higher than the standard. These results indicate that people who consume the genus Coilia are not at risk due to concentrations of metals, except Cr in C. nasus taihuensis from Jiaoshan in Taihu Lake. Concentrations of all of the metals studied except for Cr were similar to or less than those of metals in most other areas in the world.

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“…Cement contains a range of materials, as shown in Table 1 (summarized from Perone et al, 1974;NOHSC, 1993;Tandon and Aarts, 1993). The column 'HSR' indicates an ingredient that meets the criteria for definition of a hazardous substance under the hazardous substances legislation in Australia.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Cementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dermal toxicity of cement

Winder

Carmody²

2002

Toxicol Ind Health

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Cement and concrete are products used widely in the construction sector, with a traditional perception that any hazards that they have are limited to dermatitis in a small number of workers. In some cases, employers and builders do not think that concrete is a chemical. However, contact dermatitis is one of the most frequently reported health problems among construction workers. A review of the available literature suggests that cement has constituents that produce both irritant contact dermatitis and corrosive effects (from alkaline ingredients such as lime) and sensitization, leading to allergic contact dermatitis (from ingredients such as chromium). These findings indicate that cement and concrete should be treated as hazardous materials, and that workers handling such products should reduce exposure wherever possible. Initiatives to reduce the chromium content of cement have been shown to be successful in reducing the incidence of allergic dermatitis, although the irritant form remains.

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The Chromium, Cobalt, and Nickel Contents of American Cement and Their Relationship to Cement Dermatitis

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Occupational dermatoses and allergy to metals in Polish construction workers manufacturing prefabricated building units

Occupational dermatoses and allergy to metals in Polish construction workers manufacturing prefabricated building units

Risk to humans of consuming metals in anchovy (Coilia sp.) from the Yangtze River Delta

The dermal toxicity of cement

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