The chromosomes of 11 species of cyprinidae and one cobitidae from Italy, with some remarks on the problem of polyploidy in the cypriniformes

Abstract

The present paper gives a detailed description of the morphology of the karyotype of 11 Cyprinidae and 1 Cobitidae indigenous to Italian inland waters. The data relating to Chondrostoma toxostoma, C soetta, Phoxinus phoxinus, Rutilus rubilio, Barbus meridionalis and Cobitis taenia are new from a karyological point of view; as regards Leuciscus cephalus, L. souffia, Alburnus alburnus, Scardinius erythrophtalmus, Tinca tinca and Barbus barbus the already known diploid numbers are confirmed and the morphology of the karyotypes is specified. The data on the morphology of the karyotype are used in discussing the problem of polyploidization of the chromosomal complement in both the Cyprinidae and the whole order Cypriniformes.

Evidence for an unusual ZW/ZW’/ZZ sex-chromosome system in Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Pisces, Cyprinidae), as detected by cytogenetic and H-Y antigen analyses

“…The number of chromosomes in metaphases of somatic cells from S', erythrophthalmus is 2n = 50. in good agreement with the chromosome number reported by Cataudella et al (1977). In other populations of S. erythrophthalmus.…”

C-banded karyotype and nucleolar organizer regions of Tinca tinca (Cyprinidae) from Turkey

“…In all cytogenetic studies carried out to date, the diploid chromosome number of T. tinca was found to be 48 (Cataudella et al 1977;Sola et al 1983;Padilla et al 1993;Hamalosmanoglu and Kuru 2004). Although Padilla et al (1993) detected secondary constriction on the metacentric third chromosome by conventional Giemsa staining, Hamalosmanoglu and Kuru (2004) could not determine this in samples from Turkey.…”

“…Although chromosome numbers and morphology change in different populations of some Cyprinidae species (Cataudella et al 1977;Sola et al 1983;Padilla et al 1993;Hamalosmanoglu and Kuru 2004), the karyotype of T. tinca was observed to be preserved among populations, except for the number of chromosomes and the presence or absence of onearmed chromosomes. Banding methods for differentiation of species populations, other than conventional Giemsa staining, are not often used in fish karyosystematics (Cataudella et al 1977;Sola et al 1983;Padilla et al 1993;Hamalosmanoglu and Kuru 2004). Banding studies on the chromosomes of T. tinca have shown similarities between Turkish and European populations both in terms of heterochromatin and number and distribution of active NORs.…”

“…Due to their fairly large numbers of relatively small chromosomes, good metaphase spreads are difficult to obtain (Padilla et al 1993). The conventionally stained karyotype of T. tinca was described by Cataudella et al (1977) and Sola et al (1983) from Italy and by Hamalosmanoglu and Kuru (2004) from Lake Mogan (Ankara) in Turkey. However, information on differentially stained chromosomes and detailed structure of the karyotype is still lacking in this species for populations from Turkey.…”

NORs and counterstain-enhanced fluorescence studies in Cyprinidae of different ploidy level

“…Their results were based on studies of the chromosome numbers and DNA values of the species. Up to now tetraploidy has been reported in the following cyprinid genera: Aeroscheilus (Suzuki & Taki 1981), Aulopyge , Barbus (Sofradzija & Berbenik, 1973;Cataudella et al, 1977), Carassius (Ojima et al, 1972;Zan & Song, 1980), Cyprinus (Zan & Song, 1980), Tor and Schizotharaeichthys (Khuda-Bukhsh, 1982;Rishi et al, 1983). In different subspecies of C. auratus individuals with 100, about 150 and about 200 chromosomes are known (Ueda & Ojima, 1978).…”