The chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna of acridine, a representative azaarene present in synthetic fossil fuel products and wastewaters

Parkhurst, Benjamin R.; Bradshaw, A. S.; Forte, J. L.; Wright, Gail P.

doi:10.1016/0143-1471(81)90119-7

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In our study, the 14-d chronic LC50 for females in the reproduction tests was 1.18 mg/L; the lowest concentration that significantly decreased reproduction was 1.25 mg/L. Considering the difference in exposure times, our values are in relatively good agreement with those of Parkhurst et al [15].…”

Section: Brood Asupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Very little information is available in the literature on the effects of acridine on D. magna. According to Parkhurst et al [15] the chronic toxicity threshold of acridine in a 28-d exposure was between 0.4 and 10.8 mg/L. In our study, the 14-d chronic LC50 for females in the reproduction tests was 1.18 mg/L; the lowest concentration that significantly decreased reproduction was 1.25 mg/L.…”

Section: Brood Asupporting

confidence: 51%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative Toxicity of Copper and Acridine to Fish, Daphnia and Algae

Blaylock¹,

Frank²,

McCarthy³

1985

Environ Toxicol Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A comparison was made of the sensitivity of fish, Daphnia and algae to the toxic effects of copper and acridine. A series of toxicity tests was conducted with these organisms, and the following biological endpoints determined: LCSOs for fish, LCSOs and effects on reproduction of Daphnia and 50% inhibition of the growth rate of algae. The 96-h LCSOs for bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and Daphnia magna exposed to copper were 2.2 and 0.13 mg/L, respectively. A chronic exposure to 0.03 mg/L of copper for 14 d significantly.decreased reproduction in Daphnia. Exposure to 0.4 and 0.2 mg/L copper inhibited the growth rate of Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlorella vulgaris, respectively, by 50%. The 96-h LCSOs for fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and D. magna exposed to acridine were 2.3 and 3.1 mg/L, respectively. A chronic exposure to 1.25 mg/L acridine for 14 d significantly inhibited reproduction in Daphnia, and an exposure to 0.9 mg/L inhibited the growth rate of S. capricornutum by 50%. Based on the biological endpoints determined in these tests, Daphnia were more sensitive to copper than were fish or algae. In contrast, the most sensitive biological endpoint in tests with acridine was the inhibition of algal growth. Comparison of these test results indicates that short-term toxicity tests used for screening toxicants for possible environmental effects should include both plant and animal species.

show abstract

Section: Brood Asupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Brood Asupporting

confidence: 51%

Comparative Toxicity of Copper and Acridine to Fish, Daphnia and Algae

Blaylock¹,

Frank²,

McCarthy³

1985

Environ Toxicol Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Parkhurst et al [20] investigated the toxicity of acridine on daphnids. They used methanol up to 1 ml/L as solvent and incubated five juvenile daphnids in 80 ml of test solution with a 12:12‐h light:dark photoperiod at 20°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is exactly in the same range as the EC50 detected for acridine during the present study. Parkhurst et al [20] measured acridine concentrations at the beginning and end of the test and found no significant change in concentration. This is in accordance with the present study, where we found a 6% decrease of acridine concentration during the D. magna immobilization test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterocyclic compounds: Toxic effects using algae, daphnids, and the Salmonella/microsome test taking methodical quantitative aspects into account

Eisentraeger¹,

Brinkmann²,

Hollert

et al. 2008

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen (NSO-HET), have been detected in air, soil, sewage sludge, marine environments, and freshwater sediments. Since toxicity data on this class of substances are scarce, the present study focuses on possible implications NSO-HET have for ecotoxicity (algae and daphnids) and mutagenicity (Salmonella/microsome test). A combination of bioassays and chemical-analytical quantification of the test compounds during toxicity assays should aid in determination of the hazard potential. Samples of the test concentrations of 14 NSO-HET were taken at the beginning and end of the bioassays; these samples were then quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The toxicity potential of the substances was evaluated and compared with the toxicity calculated with the nominal concentrations. Significantly different results were obtained primarily for volatile or highly hydrophobic NSO-HET. The concentration of heterocyclic hydrocarbons can change significantly during the algae and Daphnia test. The EC50 values (effective concentration value: the concentration of a chemical that is required to produce a 50% effect) calculated with the nominal concentrations underestimate the toxicity by a factor of up to 50. Prioritizing the tested compounds according to toxicity, the mutagenic and toxic compounds quinoline, 6-methylquinoline, and xanthene have to be listed first. The greatest ecotoxic potential on algae and daphnids was determined for dibenzothiophene followed by acridine. In the Daphnia magna immobilization test, benzofuran, dibenzofuran, 2-methylbenzofuran, and 2,3-dimethylbenzofuran and also carbazole are ecotoxicologically relevant with EC50 values below 10 mg/L. These substances are followed by indole with a high ecotoxic effect to daphnids and less effect to algae. Only minor toxic effects were observed for 2-methylpyridine and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine.

show abstract

“…Birkholz et al [23] found that the aquatic toxicity of alkyl quinolines varied up to two orders of magnitude and was influenced by the compound's molecular structure and degree of substitution. The 48-h LC50s for Daphnia magna exposed to quinoline and isoquinoline were 28.5 and 4.1 mg/L, respectively, compared to 24.1 mg/L for naphthalene, indicating that these compounds are comparable if not more toxic than their PAH analogs [26]. Adams and Giam [27] suggested that the environmental impact of heterocyclics, even if present in relatively low concentrations, may exceed that of PAHs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of water‐soluble fractions derived from whole creosote and creosote‐contaminated sediments

Padma

Hale

Roberts

1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Creosote, a complex mixture of aromatic compounds (ACs), contaminates numerous sites in the USA and elsewhere. In addition to pollution of the water column directly after a creosote spill, contaminated sediments can continue to act as source of pollution for many years, because natural and anthropogenic perturbations may redissolve or resuspend sediment-associated contaminants. A 48-h static renewal assay compared survival of the bay mysid, Mysidopsis bahia, exposed to water-soluble fractions (WSFs) generated from two different sources: whole creosote and creosote-contaminated sediment. Sediment was obtained from a Super Fund site located on the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River in Virginia, USA. Whole creosote, contaminated sediment, and WSFs derived from these source materials were characterized. Median lethal concentrations of WSFs generated from whole creosote and sediment (expressed as total identified ACs) were 180 g/L and 700 g/L, respectively. The creosote-derived WSF consisted of more than 70% low molecular weight nitrogen heterocyclics. These heterocyclics were below detectable limits in the sediment-generated WSF, suggesting that losses of these compounds had occurred via weathering. Nitrogen heterocyclics likely contributed to the acute toxicity of the whole creosote WSF.

show abstract

The chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna of acridine, a representative azaarene present in synthetic fossil fuel products and wastewaters

Cited by 50 publications

References 5 publications

Comparative Toxicity of Copper and Acridine to Fish, Daphnia and Algae

Comparative Toxicity of Copper and Acridine to Fish, Daphnia and Algae

Heterocyclic compounds: Toxic effects using algae, daphnids, and the Salmonella/microsome test taking methodical quantitative aspects into account

Toxicity of water‐soluble fractions derived from whole creosote and creosote‐contaminated sediments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About