The chronobiology, etiology and pathophysiology of obesity

Garaulet, Marta; Ordovás, José M.; Madrid, Juan Antonio

doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.118

Cited by 207 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…In relation to clock genes, numerous studies performed in experimental animals with mutations in clock genes have proved that there is a relation between these mutations and further failures in circadian system and illness. In this sense, animals with mutations in clock genes show a higher risk of developing certain diseases, such as CVD, cancer and obesity (5) . One of the first studies which showed the effect of genetic mutations on chronic illnesses was conducted in 2005 by Turek et al (6) This study proved that homozygous Clock mutant mice were hyperphagic and obese, displayed adipocyte hypertrophy and developed metabolic syndrome (MetS).…”

Section: Failures In the Central Clock: Mutations In Experimental Animentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythms, food timing and obesity

2016

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It is known that our physiology changes throughout the day and that several physiological hormones display circadian rhythmicity. The alteration of this normal pattern is called chronodisruption (CD). In recent years, it has been demonstrated that CD is related to obesity. Although several factors may be causing CD, one important aspect to consider is the failure in our internal clock. Indeed, studies performed in mutant animals have demonstrated that mutations in clock genes are related to obesity. In human subjects, mutations are rare (<1 % of the population). Nevertheless, it is rather common to have genetic variations in one SNP, which underlie differences in our vulnerability to disease. Several SNP in clock genes are related to obesity and weight loss. Taking into account that genetics is behind CD, as has already been demonstrated in twins’ models, the question is: Are we predestinated? We will see along these lines that nutrigenetics and epigenetics answer: ‘No, we are not predestinated’. Through nutrigenetics we know that our behaviours may interact with our genes and may decrease the deleterious effect of one specific risk variant. From epigenetics the message is even more positive: it is demonstrated that by changing our behaviours we can change our genome. Herein, we propose modifying ‘what, how, and when we eat’ as an effective tool to decrease our genetic risk, and as a consequence to diminish CD and decrease obesity. This is a novel and very promising area in obesity prevention and treatment.

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Section: Failures In the Central Clock: Mutations In Experimental Animentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythms, food timing and obesity

2016

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“…Although mostly cross-sectional, the association of job stress or strain with obesity supports an important conceptual model involving exercise behavior/activity, job stress (38, 111, 114). Shift work, sleep deprivation, and exposure to bright light at night have been associated with increased adiposity (115). Cross-sectional studies suggest that disrupting normal eating and sleeping patterns through night shift work or rapidly rotating day/night shifts are risks for obesity and metabolic syndrome (116).…”

Section: Example 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual heuristic models of the interrelationships between obesity and the occupational environment

Pandalai¹,

Schulte²,

Miller³

2013

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Pandalai SP, Schulte PA, Miller DB. Conceptual heuristic models of the interrelationships between obesity and the occupational environment. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2013;39(3):221-232. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3363 Objective Research and interventions targeting the relationship between work, its attendant occupational hazards, and obesity are evolving but merit further consideration in the public health arena. In this discussion paper, conceptual heuristic models are described examining the role of obesity as both a risk factor and health outcome in the occupational setting.Methods PubMed was searched using specific criteria from 2000 and onwards for evidence to support conceptual models in which obesity serves as a risk factor for occupational disease or an outcome of occupational exposures. Nine models are presented: four where obesity is a risk factor and five where it is an adverse effect.Results A broad range of work-related health effects are associated with obesity including musculoskeletal disorders, asthma, liver disease, and cardiovascular disease, among others. Obesity can be associated with occupational hazards such as shift work, sedentary work, job stress, and exposure to some chemicals. Conclusion Identification of combinations of risk factors pertinent to obesity in the occupational environmentwill provide important guidance for research and prevention.Key terms cardiovascular disease; diet; endocrine disruptor; intervention study; metabolism; musculoskeletal disease; occupational health; physical activity; risk assessment.1 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA.Correspondence to: Sudha P Pandalai, MD, PhD, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, Obesity is increasing worldwide with the 2009-2010 prevalence among US adults surpassing one-third (1, 2). Obesity is associated with genetic, behavioral, occupational, and environmental factors (3-5) and has significant economic impact (6). It is also associated with various health problems including musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), asthma, liver disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7-10). Moreover, neurohormonal and endocrine pathway disruption has been associated with obesity (11,12). Work factors, including sedentary work and taskrelated biomechanics, have been reported as risks for obesity (13)(14)(15). Variables such as irregular work hours/ sleep schedules, job stress, workplace absenteeism, and reduced productivity also contribute (16)(17)(18)(19).Although the related literature is growing, obesity in the occupational environment requires more study, for example, regarding low-wage workers and genes or other factors (20,21). Body mass index (BMI), a measure of obesity, varies by population, race, gender, and socioeconomic class (22)(23)(24). Genetics may account for ≥40% of the variation in BMI (25), but such estimates can depend on the variability of environ...

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“…In newborns and infants, delayed circadian maturation may be caused by an early deficiency in exposure to environmental synchronizers or by impaired neural development (Rivkees 2003). In adults and older people, circadian disruption is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to aging and certain pathologies, such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, cognitive and affective disorders, sleep impairment, and cardiovascular events (Garaulet et al 2010;Reiter et al 2007). Thus, the development of reliable and noninvasive means to assess CS functionality in subjects in their own home environment has become an imperative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny and aging of the distal skin temperature rhythm in humans

Batinga

Martínez-Nicolás

Zornoza-Moreno

et al. 2015

AGE

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In circadian terms, human ontogeny is characterized by the emergence of a daily pattern, from a previous ultradian pattern, for most variables during the first 6 months of life. Circadian aging in humans is characterized by a phase advance, accompanied by rhythm fragmentation and flattening. Despite an expanding body of literature focused on distal skin temperature, little information is available about the ontogeny and practically nothing about age-related changes in this rhythm. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the degree of maturation and aging of the circadian pattern of distal skin temperature to identify those parameters that are modified throughout life and could be used to differentiate subjects according to their age. For this, distal skin temperature was measured in 197 volunteers (55 % women), including babies aged 15 days (30 subjects), 1 month (28 subjects), 3 months (31 subjects), and 6 months (10 subjects); young adults aged 19 years (37 subjects); middle-aged persons aged 46 years (27 subjects); older people aged 72 (34 subjects). Circadian system maturation was associated with an increase in amplitude and a reduction in skin temperature during sleep. During adulthood, women showed a more robust pattern (lower fragmentation, and higher night-time temperature, amplitude, circadian function index, and first harmonic relative power); however, these differences were lost with aging, a period of life that was consistently associated with a phase advance of the rhythm. In summary, distal skin temperature pattern can be used as a robust variable to discern between different ages throughout the life.

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The chronobiology, etiology and pathophysiology of obesity

Cited by 207 publications

References 133 publications

Circadian rhythms, food timing and obesity

Circadian rhythms, food timing and obesity

Conceptual heuristic models of the interrelationships between obesity and the occupational environment

Ontogeny and aging of the distal skin temperature rhythm in humans

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