The Chronological Position of the Dalton Horizon in the Southeastern United States

Goodyear, Albert C.

doi:10.2307/279909

Cited by 98 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…3 and 5), commonly in direct association with the bones of extinct bison in the Great Plains and Southwest (18). In the eastern United States post-Clovis fluted-pointmaking cultures dominated during the YD (19,20), whereas the Dalton technocomplex appeared in the Southeast (21). The YD black mats blanket the Clovis-age Z1-2 surface (Fig.…”

Section: Stratigraphic Chronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America

Haynes

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

184

163

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Of the 97 geoarchaeological sites of this study that bridge the Pleistocene-Holocene transition (last deglaciation), approximately two thirds have a black organic-rich layer or ''black mat'' in the form of mollic paleosols, aquolls, diatomites, or algal mats with radiocarbon ages suggesting they are stratigraphic manifestations of the Younger Dryas cooling episode 10,900 B.P. to 9,800 B.P. (radiocarbon years). This layer or mat covers the Clovis-age landscape or surface on which the last remnants of the terminal Pleistocene megafauna are recorded. Stratigraphically and chronologically the extinction appears to have been catastrophic, seemingly too sudden and extensive for either human predation or climate change to have been the primary cause. This sudden Rancholabrean termination at 10,900 ؎ 50 B.P. appears to have coincided with the sudden climatic switch from Allerød warming to Younger Dryas cooling. Recent evidence for extraterrestrial impact, although not yet compelling, needs further testing because a remarkable major perturbation occurred at 10,900 B.P. that needs to be explained.climate change ͉ extinction ͉ radio carbon ͉ stratigraphy ͉ archeology

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Section: Stratigraphic Chronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America

Haynes

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

184

163

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“…Calibrating ages to calendar years resulted in no displacement of samples relative to one another, but lengthened the time span under discussion from about 3700 radiocarbon years to 5100 calendar years. Ages bracketing subdivisions of the Paleoindian period follow Goodyear (1982), and with their calibrated calendar ages are: Early Paleoindian-11,500-10,900 14 C yr B.P. (ca.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoarchaeology of stratified paleoindian deposits at the Big Eddy site, Southwest Missouri, U.S.A.

et al. 2007

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The Big Eddy site (23CE426) in the Sac River valley of southwest Missouri is a rare recorded example of distinctly stratified Early through Late Paleoindian cultural deposits. Early point types recovered from the site include Gainey, Sedgwick, Dalton (fluted and unfluted), San Patrice, Wilson, and Packard. The Paleoindian record at Big Eddy represents only a fraction of the site's prehistoric cultural record; stratified cultural deposits in alluvium above the Paleoindian components span the entire known prehistoric sequence, and terminal Pleistocene alluvium may contain pre-Early Paleoindian cultural deposits. This study focused on the paleogeomorphic setting, stratigraphy, depositional environments, pedology, geochronology, and history of landscape evolution of the late Pleistocene and early Holocene alluvium at the site. The Paleoindian sequence is associated with a complex buried soil 2.85 m below the modern surface (T1a) of the first terrace of the Sac River valley in the site vicinity. This soil formed at the top of the early submember of the Rodgers Shelter Member (underlying the T1c paleogeomorphic surface) and contains at least 70 cm of stratified Paleoindian cultural deposits, all in floodplain and upper point-bar facies. A suite of 36 radiocarbon ages indicates that the alluvium hosting the Paleoindian sequence aggraded between ca. 13,250 and 11,870 cal yr B.P. (11,380 and 10,180 14 C yr B.P.). Underlying deposits accumulated between ca. 15,300 and 13,250 cal yr B.P. (12,950 and 11,380 14 C yr B.P.). By ca. 11,250 cal yr B.P. (9,840 14 C yr B.P.) the T1c paleogeomorphic surface was buried by the earliest increment of a thick sequence of overbank sheetflood facies, ultimately resulting in deep burial and preservation of the Paleoindian record. The landform-sediment assemblage that hosts the Paleoindian and possibly earlier cultural deposits at Big Eddy is both widespread and well preserved in the lower Sac River valley. Moreover, the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene depositional environments were favorable for the preservation of the archaeological record.

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“…The traditional time frame proposed for Dalton extends from 10,500 to 10,000 14 C yr BP (circa 12,500-11,500 cal yr BP) (Goodyear 1982;Koldehoff and Walthall 2009, 142-143). Ellis (2004b, 70-72) argues for an approximate age of 10,000 14 C yr BP for Hi-Lo points, perhaps rendering them contemporaneous with Plano forms.…”

Section: Middle Paleoindian (Circa 12200-11600 Cal Yr Bp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Human Settlement of Northeastern North America

Lothrop

Lowery²,

Spiess

et al. 2016

PaleoAmerica

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This paper summarizes current evidence for earliest human occupation of northeastern North America during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. We review evolution of the region's landscapes and evidence of archaeological chronologies as context for understanding human settlement of the region. Current data support limited evidence for pre-Clovis occupation south of the Laurentide glacial margin, followed by a significant temporal gap prior to early Paleoindian settlement of the region. Despite differences in subregional data sets, mapping of site distributions and assemblage data do support the notion of variation in lifeways between Paleoindian populations occupying formerly glaciated parts of the Northeast in the late Pleistocene, versus contemporary groups in lands south of the Laurentide glacial margin. Through time, the greatest differences in Paleoindian land use and technology occur between the Younger Dryas and early Holocene.

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The Chronological Position of the Dalton Horizon in the Southeastern United States

Cited by 98 publications

References 24 publications

Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America

Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America

Geoarchaeology of stratified paleoindian deposits at the Big Eddy site, Southwest Missouri, U.S.A.

Early Human Settlement of Northeastern North America

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