The chronology of the radiographic visibility of the periodontal ligament and the root pulp in the lower third molars

Timme, Maximilian; Timme, Walter; Olze, Andreas; Ottow, Christian; Ribbecke, S.; Pfeiffer, Heidi; Dettmeyer, R.; Schmeling, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2017.03.004

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Gustafson [18] demonstrated that regressive dental changes in secondary dentin formation, periodontal recession, attrition, apical translucency, cementum apposition and external root resorption may be related to chronological age, which in turn could be utilized in the age estimation of adults. Subsequently, Timme et al [19] and Olze et al [20] developed formulae based on modified versions of Gustafson's criteria, which did not include apical translucency and external root resorption. However, because there were too many independent factors included in the formulae, their application has been limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can canines alone be used for age estimation in Chinese individuals when applying the Kvaal method?

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2020

Forensic Sciences Research

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Due to the secondary dentin formation, the dental pulp undergoes changes in shape throughout life. Based on this phenomenon, the Kvaal method has been applied to various populations for age estimation, and its usefulness has been verified. When applying the Kvaal method to Chinese subjects, we observed a relatively strong correlation between mandibular canines and age. This study notes the correlation between canines and chronological age and is the first to identify which canine is most closely related to chronological age. In addition, a new, simpler formula is determined based on canines according to Kvaal's methodology. The radiographs of 360 individuals from northern China were selected, from which the widths and lengths of the pulp from four canines were measured according to the Kvaal method. Next, inter-and intra-observer reliabilities were analyzed in order to assess the repeatability of these measurements. The correlation between measurements and age was examined, and Chinese-specific age estimation formulae were derived. The results revealed that the ratios from the left maxillary canine exhibited the strongest correlation with age compared to the other canines, whereas the left mandibular canine showed the weakest correlation, which may contribute to the overall poor correlation of mandibular canines with age. What's more, the formula derived from the left maxillary canine in this study displayed the highest coefficients of determination, and the formula derived from all canines showed the lowest residuals. Both of these formulae performed better than the Chinese-specific formula derived from six different types of teeth in our previous study, which had formerly possessed the highest coefficients of determination and the lowest residuals. Thus, we concluded that canines do play an important role in age estimation in the Chinese population, and the correlation between maxillary canines and chronological age is stronger than that of mandibular canines, although no distinct trend as to which side is better correlated with age was established. Going forward, we recommend the analysis of additional samples from different geographical regions and populations to further verify the importance of canines in age estimation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can canines alone be used for age estimation in Chinese individuals when applying the Kvaal method?

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2020

Forensic Sciences Research

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“…A major anatomical variant of the mandibular first molar is the presence of an extra root distolingually. 21 The prevalence of the three-rooted mandibular first molar varies between 3.4% and 4.2% in the European population, 22 a maximum of 3% in the African population 23 and <5% among the Eurasian and Indian population. 24,25 However, our data did not report any three-rooted first molars or molars with fused roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, concerning the evaluation of radiographic visibility of root pulp in the mandibular third molars, authors have reported low inter-observer agreement, highlighting the need for observer training and calibration. 15,16,22 In the present investigation, the second examiner, who is a dentist, was provided with prior training and was asked to repeat the staging/ grading of the OPGs in order to increase reproducibility. Even though the gradual narrowing of dental pulp with age is a continuous process, studying this parameter requires very sensitive measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of secondary dentin deposition in lower first molars to indicate a legal age threshold of 14 years using receiver operating characteristic curves

Ravi

Balla

et al. 2020

Med Sci Law

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The age threshold of 14 years has become vital in proving legal violations involving children, particularly in cases of suspected child labour, child pornography and the minimum age of criminal responsibility. In recent years, there has been great interest in the evaluation of age in children and sub-adults using analysis of regressive changes in teeth, with a particular focus on age thresholds that are of medico-legal importance. This research aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of stages of root pulp visibility by Olze et al. in a sample of South Indian children aged between 12 and 16 years, with an age threshold of 14 years, using receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC). Among the four stages of root pulp visibility, stage 2 showed the highest AUC in both female and male cohorts. For stage 2, lower sensitivity and higher specificity values were recorded, indicating the possibility of type II errors (i.e. false negatives). In both sexes, stage 2 had a higher AUC (i.e. 0.696 in females and 0.706 in males, respectively). Based on our findings, it can be concluded that this staging method in lower first molars is of limited value in indicating the legal age threshold of 14 years. Future research should validate the proposed approach in a larger sample and consider how to improve predictions in this area.

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“…Die Methode wird derzeitig darüber hinaus auch zum Nachweis der Vollendung des 18. Lebensjahres als geeignet angesehen, was durch mehrere Autorengruppen bestätigt werden konnte [23,26,38,41,42]…”

Section: Problem Der Willkürlichen Stichprobeunclassified

“…Es liegen aber Methoden zur Beurteilung degenerativer Prozesse an den Weisheitszähnen und an anderen Zähnen vor, deren grundsätzliche Eignung zum Nachweis der Vollendung des 18. Lebensjahres belegt ist [16,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Bei insgesamt 47 Fällen (Frauen: 23, Männer: 24) wurde durch den erfahrenen Hauptuntersucher in mindestens einem Durchgang ein Stadium nach Roberts et al zugeordnet (s. oben).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Zur Anwendbarkeit der dentalen Methode von Roberts et al. aus dem Jahr 2016 zum Nachweis der Vollendung des 18. Lebensjahres lebender Personen

et al. 2021

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ZusammenfassungEs sollte die Methode von Roberts et al. aus dem Jahr 2016 zum Nachweis der Vollendung des 18. Lebensjahres überprüft werden.Dazu wurden 603 Orthopantomogramme (OPG) von 300 Frauen und 303 Männern im Alter von 16,01 bis 25,99 Jahren von 3 Untersuchern ausgewertet, wobei ein Hauptuntersucher alle OPGs zweimal begutachtet hat. Durch die 3 Untersucher wurde eine konsensuale Bestimmung für die Fälle vorgenommen, bei denen mindestens ein Untersucher ein Stadium zugeordnet hatte.In 31 Fällen (11 Frauen, 20 Männer) konnte konsensuell ein Stadium bestimmt werden. Hauptursache für die Nichtauswertbarkeit war die nicht abgeschlossene Entwicklung des Zahnes 38 [FDI] (30,18 %), gefolgt von Karies, Restaurationen oder anderen Pathologien (20,56 %) und dem Fehlen des Zahnes 38 (19,57 %). Das Stadium „RCW‑C“ konnte bei den Frauen konsensual nicht, die Stadien „RCW‑B“ und „RCW‑C“ konnten bei den Männern nur 4‑mal (3x „RCW-C“, 1x „RCW-B“) bestimmt werden. Der Cohen’s-Kappa-Wert für die Binnenbeobachterübereinstimmung für die 47 Fälle, in denen der Hauptuntersucher in mindestens einem Durchgang ein Stadium zugeordnet hatte, lag im moderaten bzw. guten Bereich (Frauen: 0,44; Männer: 0,62). Der Fleiss’-Kappa-Wert für die Zwischenbeobachterübereinstimmung der 3 Untersucher für die 69 Fälle, bei denen mindestens ein Untersucher ein Stadium zugeordnet hatte, lag im mangelhaften Bereich (Frauen: 0,07; Männer: 0,11), wobei die 95%-Konfidenzintervalle für den Kappa-Wert auch die „0“ einschlossen.Alle Personen, bei denen ein Stadium zugeordnet wurde, waren über 18 Jahre alt. Aktuell kann eine Anwendung der Methode nicht empfohlen werden. Es wird die Frage aufgeworfen, ob den Stadien eine allgemeingültige Entwicklungsabfolge zu Grunde zu liegt, da bei 30 Fällen der Befund nicht mit den Stadien in Deckung zu bringen war.

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The chronology of the radiographic visibility of the periodontal ligament and the root pulp in the lower third molars

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Can canines alone be used for age estimation in Chinese individuals when applying the Kvaal method?

Can canines alone be used for age estimation in Chinese individuals when applying the Kvaal method?

Evaluation of secondary dentin deposition in lower first molars to indicate a legal age threshold of 14 years using receiver operating characteristic curves

Zur Anwendbarkeit der dentalen Methode von Roberts et al. aus dem Jahr 2016 zum Nachweis der Vollendung des 18. Lebensjahres lebender Personen

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