The chrysotile content of the wear debris of brake linings

Rowson, D.M.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(78)90161-8

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, it should be noted that brake wear debris was at least 99% converted to forsterite due to heating during use (Lynch and Ayer 1968;Hatch 1970;Hickish and Knight 1970;Anderson 1973;Davis and Coniam 1973;Jacko et al 1973;Rowson 1978;Williams and Muhlbaier 1982;Cha et al 1983;Sheehy et al 1989;Spencer 2003;Paustenbach et al 2004;Boelter et al 2007;Madl et al 2009), and forsterite does not have asbestos-like characteristics (Langer 2003).…”

Section: Shortcomings In the Epa's Risk Assessment For Asbestosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data were sufficiently abundant and important to this EPA analysis that a separate committee of qualified experts should have been formed to evaluate them. Up until this risk evaluation, the EPA had embraced the government's papers on this topic (Dement 1972;Johnson et al 1979;Roberts 1980b;Roberts 1980a;Roberts and Zumwalde 1982;Sheehy et al 1989) and they were not particularly concerned about the toxicology of brake wear debris, as it was converted to forsterite (Jacko et al 1973;Rowson 1978;Williams and Muhlbaier 1982).…”

Section: Epa's Chrysotile Risk Evaluation Has Already Influenced the Litigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…American cars converted at least 99% of the asbestos in the brake pads and linings to forsterite or related compounds, due to the intensity of the heat and pressure from braking (Lynch and Ayer 1968;Hatch 1970;Hickish and Knight 1970;Anderson 1973;Davis and Coniam 1973;Rowson 1978;Williams and Muhlbaier 1982;Cha et al 1983;Sheehy et al 1989;Spencer 2003;Paustenbach et al 2004;Boelter et al 2007;Madl et al 2009).…”

Section: Epa's Chrysotile Risk Evaluation Has Already Influenced the Litigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major component of any possible exposures of brake mechanics is acknowledging that at least 99% of the chrysotile asbestos in brake pads and linings is converted to forsterite or related compounds during braking (Lynch and Ayer 1968;Hatch 1970;Hickish and Knight 1970;Anderson et al 1973;Davis and Coniam 1973;Jacko et al 1973;Rowson 1978;Williams and Muhlbaier 1982;Cha et al 1983;Sheehy et al 1989;Spencer 2003;Boelter et al 2007;Madl et al 2009), and studies have shown that the chrysotile fibers found in the air from brake wear debris lack the biologic activity of asbestos (Langer 2003;Bernstein 2014;Bernstein et al 2015;Boyles et al 2019). Further, research has shown that chrysotile asbestos, the only type of asbestos used in brakes, is rapidly cleared from tissue compared to other forms of asbestos, suggesting that it can be more effectively removed by the body's defense mechanisms (Bernstein 2005;Bernstein and Hoskins 2006;Bernstein et al 2010;Bernstein et al 2011;Mossman et al 2011;Bernstein et al 2013;Bernstein 2014;Bernstein et al 2015;Bernstein et al 2018;Bernstein et al 2020a;Bernstein et al 2020b;Bernstein et al 2021).…”

Section: Comment By Drs Roggli and Sporn (Dukementioning

confidence: 99%

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A critical review of the 2020 EPA risk assessment for chrysotile and its many shortcomings

Paustenbach

Brew

Ligas

et al. 2021

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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From 2018 to 2020, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) performed a risk evaluation of chrysotile asbestos to evaluate the hazards of asbestos-containing products (e.g. encapsulated products), including brakes and gaskets, allegedly currently sold in the United States. During the public review period, the EPA received more than 100 letters commenting on the proposed risk evaluation. The Science Advisory Committee on Chemicals (SACC), which peer reviewed the document, asked approximately 100 questions of the EPA that they expected to be addressed prior to publication of the final version of the risk assessment on 30 December 2020. After careful analysis, the authors of this manuscript found many significant scientific shortcomings in both the EPA's draft and final versions of the chrysotile risk evaluation. First, the EPA provided insufficient evidence regarding the current number of chrysotile-containing brakes and gaskets being sold in the United States, which influences the need for regulatory oversight. Second, the Agency did not give adequate consideration to the more than 200 air samples detailed in the published literature of auto mechanics who changed brakes in the 1970-1989 era. Third, the Agency did not consider more than 15 epidemiology studies indicating that exposures to encapsulated chrysotile asbestos in brakes and gaskets, which were generally in commerce from approximately 1950-1985, did not increase the incidence of any asbestos-related disease. Fourth, the concern about chrysotile asbestos being a mesothelioma hazard was based on populations in two facilities where mixed exposure to chrysotile and commercial amphibole asbestos (amosite and crocidolite) occurred. All 8 cases of pleural cancer and mesothelioma in the examined populations arose in facilities where amphiboles were present. It was therefore inappropriate to rely on these cohorts to predict the health risks of exposure to short fiber chrysotile, especially of those fibers filled with phenolic resins. Fifth, the suggested inhalation unit risk (IUR) for chrysotile asbestos was far too high since it was not markedly different than for amosite, despite the fact that the amphiboles are a far more potent carcinogen. Sixth, the approach to low dose modeling was not the most appropriate one in several respects, but, without question, it should have accounted for the background rate of mesothelioma in the general population. Just one month after this assessment was published, the National Academies of Science notified the EPA that the Agency's systematic review process was flawed. The result of the EPA's chrysotile asbestos risk evaluation is that society can expect dozens of years of scientifically unwarranted litigation. Due to an aging population and because some fraction of the population is naturally predisposed to mesothelioma given the presence of various genetic mutations in DNA repair mechanisms (e.g. BAP1 and others), the vast majority of mesotheliomas in the post-2035 era are expected to be spontaneous and unrelat...

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Section: Shortcomings In the Epa's Risk Assessment For Asbestosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epa's Chrysotile Risk Evaluation Has Already Influenced the Litigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epa's Chrysotile Risk Evaluation Has Already Influenced the Litigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comment By Drs Roggli and Sporn (Dukementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A critical review of the 2020 EPA risk assessment for chrysotile and its many shortcomings

Paustenbach

Brew

Ligas

et al. 2021

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Entre los usos del crisotilo se pueden mencionar: aislante para tuberías y equipos, techos, lámina para paredes, pastillas de freno, aislante para cables eléctricos, pinturas antifuego, textiles, entre otros (Rowson, 1978;Virta, 2006). Los residuos de cuero han sido investigados para ser usados, en combinación con yeso, en la producción de láminas para cielos rasos (Faim y col., 2002).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Elaboración de productos de fibrocemento a partir de residuos de cuero.

Calderón¹,

Rivera²,

Avalos³

et al. 2019

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El estudio de la sustitución del crisotilo, que se utiliza en láminas de fibro cemento, se hace pertinente ante la posibilidad de que dicho material sea incluido como producto peligroso dentro de la Normativa Ecuatoriana, por sus posibles efectos cancerígenos. Para estudiar la incorporación de residuos de cuero (RC) en las láminas se fabricaron probetas con 5%, 6%, 7%, 10% y 13,66% de residuos de cuero. Las propiedades de calidad evaluadas fueron: módulo de rotura (MOR), densidad aparente (Da) y % de absorción de agua (%Abs). Los requisitos a cumplir fueron MOR >4MPa (NTE INEN 2080:1996), Da >1,37g/ml y %Abs <28% (Norma interna Tubasec C.A.). La mezcla con 10% de RC fue la que cumplió con la mayor cantidad de requisitos de calidad (MOR=6,46 MPa, Da=1,46 g/ml, %Abs=27,88 %), incluyendo la prueba que verifica la significancia estadística (CHI2=0,666). La mezcla con 13,66% de RC tuvo el mejor desempeño con respecto al módulo de rotura, pero estuvo fuera del rango referencial, tanto de la densidad aparente como del % absorción de agua (MOR=6,53 MPa, Da=1,33 g/ml, %Abs=34 %).

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Asbestos brake emissions

Williams

Muhlbaier

1982

Environmental Research

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The chrysotile content of the wear debris of brake linings

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

A critical review of the 2020 EPA risk assessment for chrysotile and its many shortcomings

A critical review of the 2020 EPA risk assessment for chrysotile and its many shortcomings

Elaboración de productos de fibrocemento a partir de residuos de cuero.

Asbestos brake emissions

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