The Ciona intestinalis immune-related galectin genes (CiLgals-a and CiLgals-b) are expressed by the gastric epithelium

Parrinello, Daniela; Sanfratello, Maria Antonietta; Vizzini, Aiti; Testasecca, Lelia; Parrinello, Nicolò; Cammarata, Matteo

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2016.12.027

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In the solitary ascidian Ciona intestinalis , both the endostyle and the gastric epithelium constitutively transcribe genes involved in the inflammatory response triggered by the injection of LPS in the body wall (11, 65, 66), suggesting the importance of the alimentary tract in the recognition and the clearance of non-self material. This assumption is corroborated by the reported transcription of genes for Toll-like receptors (TLRs), mannose-binding lectins (MBLs), and MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) in both the stomach and the intestine, in addition to hemocytes, in accordance with the important immunosurveillance role of the alimentary tract (48, 58).…”

Section: The Sites Of Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective

Franchi

Ballarin

2017

Front. Immunol.

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Tunicates are the closest relatives of vertebrates, and their peculiar phylogenetic position explains the increasing interest toward tunicate immunobiology. They are filter-feeding organisms, and this greatly influences their defense strategies. The majority of the studies on tunicate immunity were carried out in ascidians. The tunic acts as a first barrier against pathogens and parasites. In addition, the oral siphon and the pharynx represent two major, highly vascularized, immune organs, where circulating hemocytes can sense non-self material and trigger immune responses that, usually, lead to inflammation and phagocytosis. Inflammation involves the recruitment of circulating cytotoxic, phenoloxidase (PO)-containing cells in the infected area, where they degranulate as a consequence of non-self recognition and release cytokines, complement factors, and the enzyme PO. The latter, acting on polyphenol substrata, produces cytotoxic quinones, which polymerize to melanin, and reactive oxygen species, which induce oxidative stress. Both the alternative and the lectin pathways of complement activation converge to activate C3: C3a and C3b are involved in the recruitment of hemocytes and in the opsonization of foreign materials, respectively. The interaction of circulating professional phagocytes with potentially pathogenic foreign material can be direct or mediated by opsonins, either complement dependent or complement independent. Together with cytotoxic cells, phagocytes are active in the encapsulation of large materials. Cells involved in immune responses, collectively called immunocytes, represent a large fraction of hemocytes, and the presence of a cross talk between cytotoxic cells and phagocytes, mediated by secreted humoral factors, was reported. Lectins play a pivotal role as pattern-recognition receptors and opsonizing agents. In addition, variable region-containing chitin-binding proteins, identified in the solitary ascidian Ciona intestinalis, control the settlement and colonization of bacteria in the gut.

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Section: The Sites Of Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective

Franchi

Ballarin

2017

Front. Immunol.

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“…Although the CiLgals functions remain to be elucidated, the transcription upregulation and proteins production by inflammatory hemocytes, the constitutive transcription by the stomach epithelium [73] and the present findings on the ovary, suggest that the CiLgals could exert multiple roles. In this respect, some properties of the molecular structure can be recalled [23,25,63], including the CRD ability to bind different glycan structures, the capability to form oligomers leading to increased affinity for various glycans that characterize the glycome of each cell type and development stages [74].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

In the ovary of Ciona intestinalis (Type A), immune-related galectin and phenoloxidase genes are differentially expressed by the follicle accessory cells

Parrinello¹,

Sanfratello²,

Parisi³

et al. 2018

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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A B S T R A C TRiboprobes (in situ hybridization) and antibodies (immunohistochemistry), previously used to show the upregulation of Ciona intestinalis (Type A) galectins (CiLgals-a, CiLgals-b) and phenoloxidase (CinPO2) immunerelated genes, were tested on histological sections of the ovary. The ovarian follicles are composed of oocytes encased by follicular cells (FCs) and test cells (TCs). Results show the transcription upregulation of both CiLgals and CinPO2 genes in the vitellogenic FCs, conversely distinct cytolocalization of the proteins are shown. At vitellogenic stage, the CiLgals are localized in the FCs, in the oocyte cytoplasm, and close to the germinal vesicle (GV), whereas the CinPO2 was never identified in the FCs. In a presumptive advanced phase and at the postvitellogenic stage the TCs appear to be labelled by the CinPO2 riboprobe, and the protein identified by the antibody suggesting an mRNA transcytosis process from FCs. At post-vitellogenic stage the CiLgals mainly enrich the GV nucleoplasm, whereas the CinPO2 is contained in TCs and in the ooplasm but never found in the GV. This finding sheds new light on a former paper in which TCs were reported to be the only CinPO2-producing cells in the ovarian follicle. Finally, CiLgals and CinPO2 genes transcription and proteins production seem to be associated with accessory cells during their differentiation from vitellogenic to post-vitellogenic stage. The present findings promote further research on the early upregulation of immune-related genes, and the potential multifunctional role of the produced proteins. In addition further insight on the accessory cells involvement in ascidian oogenesis are reported.

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“…Clusters 6, 3, and 8 were deemed potential endostyle clusters based on the expression of known endostyle markers. In the ascidian Ciona, galectin is expressed in various regions of the endostyle (Parrinello et al, 2015;Parrinello et al, 2017).…”

Section: Identification Of Endostyle Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the whole colony ofBotrylloides diegensis: Insights into tissue specialization and blastogenesis

Temiz,

Meier,

Wilson

2024

Preprint

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Botrylloides diegensisis a colonial ascidian that has been the focus of developmental, evolutionary, and regeneration research. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of an entireB. diegensiscolony, including zooids, buds, and vascular tunics, to resolve cellular heterogeneity and identify cell and tissue markers. We identified 29 major cell clusters within the colony and usedin situhybridization to examine the spatial expression of cluster marker genes. Numerous tissue types were identified at the molecular level, including blood cells and zooid tissues such as the branchial epithelium, stomach, and endostyle. Distinct cluster markers were identified for specific regions of the stomach epithelium, highlighting the specialization of these regions and the strength of using scRNA-seq to explore their functionality. Cell trajectory projections highlighted the early appearance of progenitor clusters, whereas more differentiated zooid-related tissues appeared later in the developmental path. This study provides a valuable resource for understanding the development, tissue function, and regeneration ofB. diegensis.This demonstrates the power of scRNA-seq to define cell types and tissues in complex colonial organisms.Summary statementSingle-cell RNA sequencing ofBotrylloides diegensisrevealed cellular heterogeneity, identified 29 major cell clusters, and provided insights into tissue specialization and blastogenesis.

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The Ciona intestinalis immune-related galectin genes (CiLgals-a and CiLgals-b) are expressed by the gastric epithelium

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective

Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective

In the ovary of Ciona intestinalis (Type A), immune-related galectin and phenoloxidase genes are differentially expressed by the follicle accessory cells

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the whole colony ofBotrylloides diegensis: Insights into tissue specialization and blastogenesis

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