The circulation of the Persian Gulf: a numerical study

Kämpf, Jochen; Sadrinasab, Masoud

doi:10.5194/os-2-27-2006

Cited by 224 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The Gulf (also known as the ROPME sea; Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment; www.ropme.org) is a relatively young and shallow sea that originated c. 15 000 years ago (Sheppard et al, 2010), currently c. 990 km long, with a maximum width of 370 km and a mean depth of 36 m. The Gulf is connected to The Gulf of Oman by the Strait of Hormuz through which it receives Indian Ocean surface water (IOSW). Otherwise, the major, but not significant, input of fresh water is provided through precipitation and river discharges from the Rivers Tigris and Euphrates in the north (Kämpf & Sadrinasab, 2006). The Gulf is located in the arid sub-tropics, between latitudes 24 ∘ and 30 ∘ N, surrounded by most of the Earth's deserts.…”

Section: S T U Dy a R E Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Gulf is located in the arid sub-tropics, between latitudes 24 ∘ and 30 ∘ N, surrounded by most of the Earth's deserts. It is one of the warmest (surface waters ≥36 ∘ C in summer) and most saline of waters (often >45) on Earth (Reynolds, 1993;Kämpf & Sadrinasab, 2006;Sheppard et al, 2010). Water temperature and salinity are mainly driven by the seasonal cycle of incident solar radiation and by the inflow of IOSW, respectively (Coles & Riegl, 2013).…”

Section: S T U Dy a R E Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical zonation and functional diversity of fish assemblages revealed by ROV videos at oil platforms in The Gulf

Torquato

Jensen

Range

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Biology

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An assessment of vertical distribution, diel migration, taxonomic and functional diversity of fishes was carried out at offshore platforms in The (Arabian-Iranian-Persian) Gulf. Video footage was recorded at the Al Shaheen oil field between 2007 and 2014 using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). A total of 12 822 individual fishes, from 83 taxonomic groups were recorded around the platforms. All the species identified are considered native to The Gulf, although Cyclichthys orbicularis and Lutjanus indicus were recorded for the first time in Qatari waters. Several trends were uncovered in the vertical distribution of the fish community; most species were observed between 20 and 50 m depth and fish abundance decreased towards the bottom, with the highest abundances recorded in the upper layers, i.e. down to 40 m depth. Vertical variation in fish diversity, however, was generally not accompanied by differences in vertical movements. Carnivores and invertivores were the dominant trophic groups, being found at each depth range from surface to seabed. The functional indices showed no significant differences between water depths or diel cycles. The study demonstrates that oil platforms represent a hotspot of fish diversity and interesting sites for studying fish communities, abundance and behaviour.

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Section: S T U Dy a R E Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S T U Dy a R E Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical zonation and functional diversity of fish assemblages revealed by ROV videos at oil platforms in The Gulf

Torquato

Jensen

Range

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…In water bodies that are as shallow as the Gulf, the water mixed layer and atmospheric mixed layer are of comparable heat content, and the two components of a coupled system evolve simultaneously with significant two-way interactions. Previous regional modeling studies either used specified surface fluxes to simulate the hydrodynamics of the Gulf (Chao et al 1992; Kämpf and Sadrinasab 2006;Sadrinasab and Kämpf 2004;Thoppil and Hogan 2010;Yao and Johns 2010a;Yao and Johns 2010b;Hassanzadeh et al 2011;Hassanzadeh et al 2012) or prescribed SST in simulating the regional atmospheric climate (Evans et al 2004;Marcella andEltahir 2008, 2012). Because of the shallow nature of this water body, neither of these two approaches is suitable for addressing the above questions or projecting future climate in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Heat and Water Budgets of the Persian (Arabian) Gulf Using a Regional Climate Model*,+

Xue

Eltahir

2015

Journal of Climate

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Because of the scarcity of observational data, existing estimates of the heat and water budgets of the Persian Gulf are rather uncertain. This uncertainty leaves open the fundamental question of whether this water body is a net heat source or a net heat sink to the atmosphere. Previous regional modeling studies either used specified surface fluxes to simulate the hydrodynamics of the Gulf or prescribed SST in simulating the regional atmospheric climate; neither of these two approaches is suitable for addressing the above question or for projecting the future climate in this region. For the first time, a high-resolution, two-way, coupled Gulf-atmosphere regional model (GARM) is developed, forced by solar radiation and constrained by observed lateral boundary conditions, suited for the study of current and future climates of the Persian Gulf. Here, this study demonstrates the unique capability of this model in consistently predicting surface heat and water fluxes and lateral heat and water exchanges with the Arabian Sea, as well as the variability of water temperature and water mass. Although these variables are strongly coupled, only SST has been directly and sufficiently observed. The coupled model succeeds in simulating the water and heat budgets of the Persian Gulf without any artificial flux adjustment, as demonstrated in the close agreement of model simulation with satellite and in situ observations.The coupled regional climate model simulates a net surface heat flux of 13 W m 22 , suggesting a small net heat flux from the atmosphere into the Persian Gulf. The annual evaporation from the Persian Gulf is 1.84 m yr 21 , and the annual influx and outflux of water through the Strait of Hormuz between the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea are equivalent to Persian Gulf-averaged precipitation and evaporation rates of 33.7 and 32.1 m yr 21 , with a net influx of water equivalent to a Persian Gulf-averaged precipitation rate of 1.6 m yr 21. The average depth of the Persian Gulf water is ;38 m. Hence, it suggests that the mean residency time scale for the entire Persian Gulf is ;14 months.

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“…Discharges from multistage flash desalin itionally have an excess temperature, in the range of about 5-15 degrees Celsius wa nt seawater [9]. al studies on Gulf-wide circulation patterns exist in the literature [6,7,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. This p the drivers of the Gulf-wide circulation that are responsible for observed residual cur ocation in the northern Gulf.…”

Section: Case Study: Gulf Scale Environmental Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Prediction of Background Buildup of Salinity Due to Desalination Brine Discharges into the Northern Arabian Gulf

Chow¹,

Verbruggen

Morelissen

et al. 2019

Water

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Brine discharges from desalination plants into low-flushing water bodies are challenging from the point of view of dilution, because of the possibility of background buildup effects that decrease the overall achievable dilution. To illustrate the background buildup effect, this paper uses the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, a shallow, reverse tidal estuary with only one outlet available for exchange flow. While desalination does not significantly affect the long-term average Gulf-wide salinity, due to the mitigating effect of the Indian Ocean Surface Water inflow, its resulting elevated salinities, as well as elevated concentrations of possible contaminants (such as heavy metals and organophosphates), can affect marine environments on a local and regional scale. To analyze the potential effect of background salinity buildup on dilutions achievable from discharge locations in the northern Gulf, a 3-dimensional hydrodynamic model (Delft3D) was used to simulate brine discharges from a single hypothetical source location along the Kuwaiti shoreline, about 900 km from the Strait of Hormuz. Using nested grids with a horizontal resolution, comparable to a local tidal excursion (250 m), far field dilutions of about 28 were computed for this discharge location. With this far field dilution, to achieve a total dilution of 20, the near field dilution (achievable using a submerged diffuser) would need to be increased to approximately 70. Conversely, the background build-up means that a near field dilution of 20 yields a total dilution of only about 12.

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The circulation of the Persian Gulf: a numerical study

Cited by 224 publications

References 28 publications

Vertical zonation and functional diversity of fish assemblages revealed by ROV videos at oil platforms in The Gulf

Vertical zonation and functional diversity of fish assemblages revealed by ROV videos at oil platforms in The Gulf

Estimation of the Heat and Water Budgets of the Persian (Arabian) Gulf Using a Regional Climate Model*,+

Numerical Prediction of Background Buildup of Salinity Due to Desalination Brine Discharges into the Northern Arabian Gulf

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