The citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum depends on the PdMpkB kinase for developmental and virulence functions

Ma, Hongshen; Sun, Xuepeng; Wang, Mingshuang; Gai, Yunpeng; Chung, Kuang-Ren; Li, Hongye

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.08.001

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…248 Preliminary characterisation of our Δhog1 and Δkss1 mutants in axenic growth 249 did not reveal substantial differences with the mutants previously reported 250 (Wang et al, 2014;Ma et al, 2016). On the contrary, our Δslt2 strains showed a 251 clear restriction of growth and a reduction of conidiation during axenic culture 252 (see Figs.…”

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confidence: 61%

Differential roles, crosstalk and response to the Antifungal Protein AfpB in the three Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) pathways of the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum

Gandía

Garrigues

Hernanz-Koers

et al. 2019

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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confidence: 61%

Differential roles, crosstalk and response to the Antifungal Protein AfpB in the three Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) pathways of the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum

Gandía

Garrigues

Hernanz-Koers

et al. 2019

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…Similar phenotype has been characterized previously that the P . digitatum strain defective of a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase B coding gene failed to break through the stratum epidermis of citrus fruit after inoculation, even though the mycelia could proliferate below fruit peels [48]. In M .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional analysis of two sterol regulatory element binding proteins in Penicillium digitatum

et al. 2017

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The sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are key regulators for sterol homeostasis in most fungi. In the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum, the SREBP homolog is required for fungicide resistance and regulation of CYP51 expression. In this study, we identified another SREBP transcription factor PdSreB in P. digitatum, and the biological functions of both SREBPs were characterized and compared. Inactivation of PdsreA, PdsreB or both genes in P. digitatum reduced ergosterol contents and increased sensitivities to sterol 14-α-demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) and cobalt chloride. Fungal strains impaired at PdsreA but not PdsreB increased sensitivity to tridemorph and an iron chelator 2,2’-dipyridyl. Virulence assays on citrus fruit revealed that fungal strains impaired at PdsreA, PdsreB or both induce maceration lesions similar to those induced by wild-type. However, ΔPdsreA, ΔPdsreB or the double mutant strain rarely produce aerial mycelia on infected citrus fruit peels. RNA-Seq analysis showed the broad regulatory functions of both SREBPs in biosynthesis, transmembrane transportation and stress responses. Our results provide new insights into the conserved and differentiated regulatory functions of SREBP homologs in plant pathogenic fungi.

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“…However, resistance to these DMI fungicides has frequently occurred for the Penicillium molds in the past decade, especially for P. digitatum isolates with high DMIresistance [5,7], considerably reducing the efficacy of the fungicides. Up to date, we have got some understanding on the mechanism of azole fungicide resistance in P. digitatum [8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, little information is available to explain P. italicum resistance induced by the DMI fungicides.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of fungicide-responsive gene expression profiles in two Penicillium italicum strains with different response to the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide prochloraz

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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Background: Penicillium italicum (blue mold) is one of citrus pathogens causing undesirable citrus fruit decay even at strictly-controlled low temperatures (< 10°C) during shipping and storage. P. italicum isolates with considerably high resistance to sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides have emerged; however, mechanism(s) underlying such DMI-resistance remains unclear. In contrast to available elucidation on anti-DMI mechanism for P. digitatum (green mold), how P. italicum DMI-resistance develops has not yet been clarified.Results: The present study prepared RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) libraries for two P. italicum strains (highly resistant (Pi-R) versus highly sensitive (Pi-S) to DMI fungicides), with and without prochloraz treatment, to identify prochlorazresponsive genes facilitating DMI-resistance. After 6 h prochloraz-treatment, comparative transcriptome profiling showed more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Pi-R than Pi-S. Functional enrichments identified 15 DEGs in the prochloraz-induced Pi-R transcriptome, simultaneously up-regulated in P. italicum resistance. These included ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-encoding genes, major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter-encoding genes, ergosterol (ERG) anabolism component genes ERG2, ERG6 and EGR11 (CYP51A), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling-inducer genes Mkk1 and Hog1, and Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK) signalinginducer genes CaMK1 and CaMK2. Fragments Per Kilobase per Million mapped reads (FPKM) analysis of Pi-R transcrtiptome showed that prochloraz induced mRNA increase of additional 4 unigenes, including the other two ERG11 isoforms CYP51B and CYP51C and the remaining kinase-encoding genes (i.e., Bck1 and Slt2) required for Slt2-MAPK signaling. The expression patterns of all the 19 prochloraz-responsive genes, obtained in our RNA-seq data sets, have been validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These lines of evidence in together draw a general portrait of anti-DMI mechanisms for P. italicum species. Intriguingly, some strategies adopted by the present Pi-R were not observed in the previously documented prochloraz-resistant P. digitatum transcrtiptomes. These included simultaneous induction of all major EGR11 isoforms (CYP51A/B/C), over-expression of ERG2 and ERG6 to modulate ergosterol anabolism, and concurrent mobilization of Slt2-MAPK and CaMK signaling processes to overcome fungicide-induced stresses.

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The citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum depends on the PdMpkB kinase for developmental and virulence functions

Cited by 32 publications

References 58 publications

Differential roles, crosstalk and response to the Antifungal Protein AfpB in the three Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) pathways of the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum

Differential roles, crosstalk and response to the Antifungal Protein AfpB in the three Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) pathways of the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum

Functional analysis of two sterol regulatory element binding proteins in Penicillium digitatum

Transcriptome analysis of fungicide-responsive gene expression profiles in two Penicillium italicum strains with different response to the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide prochloraz

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