‘The Civilisation that Is Being Forged Amid the Thunder of the Cannons’

Thomas, Maria

doi:10.4324/9780203706404-6

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“…82 However, anti-clericalism and abuses of religious personnel were largely absent in Irelanda notable difference from Europe and especially the Spanish Civil War. 83 Anti-Treaty propaganda, for example, decried the 'gross violation' by Free State troops of the 'sanctity' of Catholicism, by their occupation of a convent (Religious Sisters of Charity, Stanhope Street) as a barracks during the battle for Dublin, early in the Civil War. 84 Rape can be seen as a 'male assertion of sexual dominance' and, by extension, 'become the symbol' of one side's dominance over the other; 85 we might, then, interpret the relative scarcity of sexual abuse during Ireland's conflict in terms of the well-established gender relations already in place in Irish society.…”

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Violence against women in the Irish Civil War, 1922–3: gender-based harm in global perspective

Clark

2020

Ir. Hist. Stud.

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Since the 1990s, in the wake of the wars and ethnic cleansing in the former Yugoslavia, violence against women in wartime has become a matter of international concern. This article, on gender-based violence (G.B.V.) during the Irish Civil War, draws on research from scholars and activists around the globe, and newly accessible archival sources, to highlight the relatively humane treatment of women in Ireland – even during the bitter final stages of the Irish Revolution, c.1912–23. Records of the Irish Free State's Compensation (Personal Injuries) Committee show that women suffered some serious and traumatising interpersonal violence during 1922–3 – often on account of their gender (as guardians of the domestic space). Women's interactions with the Civil War were thus distinctive from men's because of the prevalence in Ireland of forms of aggression and intimidation, including crimes against property, which transgressed public/private boundaries. However, I argue that it did not serve the strategy nor ideology of either warring side to denigrate women en masse. The genocidal aims underlying conflict-related G.B.V. elsewhere in the world were absent in Ireland, where gendered power structures, shored up by Catholic authority, remained largely unshaken by the revolution – despite the great efforts of many radical females. Revolutionary Ireland was not a safe place for many Irishwomen (nor indeed for some men); however, for pro- and anti-Treaty forces, maintaining propriety militated against the need for sexual violence as warfare.

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confidence: 99%

Violence against women in the Irish Civil War, 1922–3: gender-based harm in global perspective

Clark

2020

Ir. Hist. Stud.

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“…The anticlerical collective identity-under-construction during this period was rooted chiefly in criticism of the clergy's alliance with elite sectors and the repressive state, and resentment concerning what many workers experienced as the Church's pervasive capacity to control their everyday lives. 5 These attitudes became even more widespread and intense after the proclamation of the Second Republic in 1931, when the first Republican Government's highly ambitions yet faltering and broadly unsuccessful secularization attempts were overtaken by local worker-led initiatives intended to combat Catholic influence over education, the rites of passage and public space. When the effects of the 1936 coup altered workers' available opportunities for action in radical and unexpected ways, many already firmly believed that extinguishing Catholic influence from public and private life was a necessary step in the construction of a new social order.…”

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Sacred Destruction? Anticlericalism, Iconoclasm and the Sacralization of Politics in Twentieth-Century Spain

Thomas

2017

European History Quarterly

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This article examines the ways in which anticlerical discourses and actions in Spain from the early twentieth century onwards became infused with religious language, sentiments and even belief. Specifically, it focuses on the anticlerical violence and iconoclasm which occurred on Republican territory at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. The protagonists of these acts used a wide repertoire of religiously inspired collective action in their attacks on Catholic property and personnel. This article seeks to explain why this was. It argues that, in a time of momentous change and accelerating modernization, ‘secular’ and ‘traditional’ modes of thought mingled and fused together in the mental landscapes of anticlerical actors who had been strongly influenced by religious principles and practices. It suggests that the concept of the ‘sacralization of politics’ is wholly applicable to the Spanish case.

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‘The Civilisation that Is Being Forged Amid the Thunder of the Cannons’

Cited by 2 publications

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Violence against women in the Irish Civil War, 1922–3: gender-based harm in global perspective

Violence against women in the Irish Civil War, 1922–3: gender-based harm in global perspective

Sacred Destruction? Anticlericalism, Iconoclasm and the Sacralization of Politics in Twentieth-Century Spain

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