“…Given this complexity, multimodal semiotic analysis has broad potential for application in theoretical and methodological studies and may be susceptible to mathematical modeling and analysis methods, as applied herein. The present analysis thus includes the specific elements of tweets, i.e., hashtag and keywords (Uzunoğlu; Türkel; Yaman-Akyar, 2017; Scott, 2018), which are examined by means of text mining techniques and statistical linguistic analysis (Baayen, 2008;Gries, 2013;Nakayama, 2017;Baier;Frost, 2018) with the addition of semantic clustering of hashtags (Javed;Lee, 2018). Considering the energy sector, Twitter allows the extensive use of facts and symbols that are communicated using carefully chosen keywords and hashtags, thereby creating trending conversations that are focused on CSR issues (Etter; Fieseler, 2010; Etter, 2013; Uzunoğlu; Türkel; Yaman-Akyar, 2017).…”