“…Recent pilot practices employing LSLC in the context of primary school reform in Vietnam have seen evidence of certain consequences challenging bureaucratic teacher values – compliance with the order given by the higher authorities (Saito et al, 2016; Tsukui, 2014; Tsukui, Saito, Sato, Michiyama, & Murase, 2017). In Vietnam, and in many other Asian countries, curriculum tends to be nationally defined at the central ministry level, and the teachers are considered to implement such centrally defined curricula in classrooms (Saito, Tsukui, & Tanaka, 2008).…”