The Claustrum and the Cerebral Cortex

Sherk, Helen

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2149-1_13

Cited by 93 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Together, this can be taken as evidence for a role in detecting sudden or important changes within an animal's external environment, akin to a saliency detector. By virtue of its widespread connectivity with the cortex (Sherk, 1986) the claustrum could send such alerting or awareness signals to several cortical areas at the same time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, the claustrum was hypothesized to play a role in integrating sensory information across different modalities (Sherk, 1986;Ettlinger and Wilson, 1990;Edelstein and Denaro, 2004;Crick and Koch, 2005). This hypothesis was promoted by a combination of indirect anatomical and functional evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This hypothesis was promoted by a combination of indirect anatomical and functional evidence. First, anatomical studies revealed afferent connections from various cortical and subcortical sensory structures (Pearson et al, 1982;Tanné-Gariépy et al, 2002;Fernández-Miranda et al, 2008) and reported an apparent topographical mapping of the neocortex onto the claustrum (Pearson et al, 1982;Sherk, 1986;Fernández-Miranda et al, 2008). Second, electrophysiological studies reported claustral neurons that responded to stimuli in the visual, acoustic, and somatic modalities (Segundo and Machne, 1955;Spector et al, 1970Spector et al, , 1974Olson and Graybiel, 1980;LeVay and Sherk, 1981;Sherk and LeVay, 1981;Clarey and Irvine, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, electrophysiological studies reported claustral neurons that responded to stimuli in the visual, acoustic, and somatic modalities (Segundo and Machne, 1955;Spector et al, 1970Spector et al, , 1974Olson and Graybiel, 1980;LeVay and Sherk, 1981;Sherk and LeVay, 1981;Clarey and Irvine, 1986). In analogy to other brain structures that receive similar diverse sensory afferents and indeed participate in sensory integration, these observations were taken as evidence supporting the integrative function of the claustrum (Sherk, 1986;Ettlinger and Wilson, 1990;Edelstein and Denaro, 2004;Crick and Koch, 2005). However, and despite some early observations, direct tests for a neural correlate of sensory integration in the claustrum have been missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unimodal Responses Prevail within the Multisensory Claustrum

2010

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The claustrum receives afferent inputs from multiple sensory-related brain areas, prompting speculation about a role in integrating information across sensory modalities. Here we directly test this hypothesis by probing neurons in the primate claustrum for functional characteristics of multisensory processing. To this end we recorded neuronal responses to naturalistic audio-visual stimuli from the claustra of alert monkeys. Our results reveal the existence of distinct claustral zones comprised of unimodal neurons associated with the auditory and visual modalities. In a visual zone within the ventral claustrum neurons responded to visual stimuli but not to sounds, whereas in an auditory zone located within the central claustrum neurons responded to sounds but not to visual stimuli. Importantly, we find that neurons within either zone are not influenced by stimuli in the other modality and do not exhibit the typical response characteristics usually associated with multisensory processing. While these results confirm the notion of the claustrum as a multisensory structure per se, they argue against the hypothesis of the claustrum serving as an integrator of sensory information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unimodal Responses Prevail within the Multisensory Claustrum

2010

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“…2 We shall consider mainly the cat and primate claustrum (for comprehensive reviews, consult Sherk 1986;Tanné-Gariépy et al 2002;Edelstein & Denaro 2004).…”

Section: The Neuroanatomy Of the Claustrummentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the function of the claustrum?

Crick

Koch

2005

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

617

489

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The claustrum is a thin, irregular, sheet-like neuronal structure hidden beneath the inner surface of the neocortex in the general region of the insula. Its function is enigmatic. Its anatomy is quite remarkable in that it receives input from almost all regions of cortex and projects back to almost all regions of cortex. We here briefly summarize what is known about the claustrum, speculate on its possible relationship to the processes that give rise to integrated conscious percepts, propose mechanisms that enable information to travel widely within the claustrum and discuss experiments to address these questions.

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A Neurobiological Framework for Consciousness

Crick¹,

Koch²

2007

The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness

448

509

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Visual awareness is a favorable form of consciousness to study neurobiologically. We propose that it takes two forms: a very fast form, linked to iconic memory, that may be difficult to study; and a somewhat slower one involving visual attention and short-term memory. In the slower form an attentional mechanism transiently binds together all those neurons whose activiry relates to the relevant features of a single visual object. We suggest this is done by generating coherent semisyru:hronous oscillations, probably in the 40-70Hz range. These oscillations then activate a transient short-term (working) memory. We outline several lines of experimental work that might advance the understanding of the neural mechanisms involved. The neural basis of very short-term memory espedally needs more experimental study.

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The Claustrum and the Cerebral Cortex

Cited by 93 publications

References 93 publications

Unimodal Responses Prevail within the Multisensory Claustrum

Unimodal Responses Prevail within the Multisensory Claustrum

What is the function of the claustrum?

A Neurobiological Framework for Consciousness

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