The claustrum of the sheep and its connections to the visual cortex

Pirone, Andrea; Graïc, Jean‐Marie; Grisan, Enrico; Cozzi, Bruno

doi:10.1111/joa.13302

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging has been a widely used diagnostic tool in the study of the central nervous system in sheep. Studies concerning encephalic morphology and tissue volumes with specific interest to the encephalic cortex have been developed and deepened [8][9][10]. Sheep have been mostly studied from a functional point of view, and a cortical map has been created identifying different areas like motor and sensory areas as in humans [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric study of the ventricular indexes in healthy ovine BRAIN using MRI

et al. 2022

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Background Sheep (Ovis aries) have been largely used as animal models in a multitude of specialties in biomedical research. The similarity to human brain anatomy in terms of brain size, skull features, and gyrification index, gives to ovine as a large animal model a better translational value than small animal models in neuroscience. Despite this evidence and the availability of advanced imaging techniques, morphometric brain studies are lacking. We herein present the morphometric ovine brain indexes and anatomical measures developed by two observers in a double-blinded study and validated via an intra- and inter-observer analysis. Results For this retrospective study, T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans were performed at 1.5 T on 15 sheep, under general anaesthesia. The animals were female Ovis aries, in the age of 18-24 months. Two observers assessed the scans, twice time each. The statistical analysis of intra-observer and inter-observer agreement was obtained via the Bland-Altman plot and Spearman rank correlation test. The results are as follows (mean ± Standard deviation): Indexes: Bifrontal 0,338 ± 0,032 cm; Bicaudate 0,080 ± 0,012 cm; Evans’ 0,218 ± 0,035 cm; Ventricular 0,241 ± 0,039 cm; Huckman 1693 ± 0,174 cm; Cella Media 0,096 ± 0,037 cm; Third ventricle ratio 0,040 ± 0,007 cm. Anatomical measures: Fourth ventricle length 0,295 ± 0,073 cm; Fourth ventricle width 0,344 ± 0,074 cm; Left lateral ventricle 4175 ± 0,275 cm; Right lateral ventricle 4182 ± 0,269 cm; Frontal horn length 1795 ± 0,303 cm; Interventricular foramen left 1794 ± 0,301 cm; Interventricular foramen right 1,78 ± 0,317 cm. Conclusions The present study provides baseline values of linear indexes of the ventricles in the ovine models. The acquisition of these data contributes to filling the knowledge void on important anatomical and morphological features of the sheep brain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric study of the ventricular indexes in healthy ovine BRAIN using MRI

et al. 2022

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“…Advances on the knowledge of CLA role in different species have essentially been obtained using immunohistochemical, physiological, and behavioral methods [1,3,[10][11][12][13][20][21][22][23]; a different approach, employing a proteomic analysis, has been used to establish the anatomical definitions of rat CLA [24]. Recently, a single-cell integrating transcriptomic and circuit-level approach, advanced by Erwin et al [25], identified two excitatory CLA neuron subtypes that are molecularly distinguishable from the adjacent cortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Profiling Reveals Specific Molecular Hallmarks of the Pig Claustrum

et al. 2023

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The present study, employing a comparative proteomic approach, analyzes the protein profile of pig claustrum (CLA), putamen (PU), and insula (IN). Pig brain is an interesting model whose key translational features are its similarities with cortical and subcortical structures of human brain. A greater difference in protein spot expression was observed in CLA vs PU as compared to CLA vs IN. The deregulated proteins identified in CLA resulted to be deeply implicated in neurodegenerative (i.e., sirtuin 2, protein disulfide-isomerase 3, transketolase) and psychiatric (i.e., copine 3 and myelin basic protein) disorders in humans. Metascape analysis of differentially expressed proteins in CLA vs PU comparison suggested activation of the α-synuclein pathway and L1 recycling pathway corroborating the involvement of these anatomical structures in neurodegenerative diseases. The expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and dihydropyrimidinase like 2, which are linked to these pathways, was validated using western blot analysis. Moreover, the protein data set of CLA vs PU comparison was analyzed by Ingenuity Pathways Analysis to obtain a prediction of most significant canonical pathways, upstream regulators, human diseases, and biological functions. Interestingly, inhibition of presenilin 1 (PSEN1) upstream regulator and activation of endocannabinoid neuronal synapse pathway were observed. In conclusion, this is the first study presenting an extensive proteomic analysis of pig CLA in comparison with adjacent areas, IN and PUT. These results reinforce the common origin of CLA and IN and suggest an interesting involvement of CLA in endocannabinoid circuitry, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders in humans.

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“…To conduct fine‐scale functional investigations of brain circuitry, we need accurate anatomical definitions to integrate observations across studies. In many mammals, like primates, cats, dogs, sheep, pigs, dolphins, echidnas, and to some extent rabbits, the CLCX is encapsulated by dense myelinated fibers both medially by the external capsule, and laterally by the extreme capsule (Ashwell et al., 2004 ; Buchanan & Johnson, 2011 ; Cozzi et al., 2014 ; Gattass et al., 2014 ; Kowianski et al., 1999 ; Pham et al., 2019 ; Pirone et al., 2021 , 2015 , 2018 ; Rahman & Baizer, 2007 ; Reynhout & Baizer, 1999 ; Wojcik et al., 2002 ). However, in animals like mice, rats, fruit bats, and pangolins, the extreme capsule is only rudimentary, making it difficult to located claustral borders by white matter alone (Bruguier et al., 2020 ; Imam et al., 2022 ; Kowianski et al., 1999 ; Morello et al., 2022 ; Orman et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multifaceted architectural framework of the mouse claustrum complex

Grimstvedt,

Shelton,

Hoerder‐Suabedissen

et al. 2023

J of Comparative Neurology

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Accurate anatomical characterizations are necessary to investigate neural circuitry on a fine scale, but for the rodent claustrum complex (CLCX), this has yet to be fully accomplished. The CLCX is generally considered to comprise two major subdivisions, the claustrum (CL) and the dorsal endopiriform nucleus (DEn), but regional boundaries to these areas are debated. To address this, we conducted a multifaceted analysis of fiber‐ and cytoarchitecture, genetic marker expression, and connectivity using mice of both sexes, to create a comprehensive guide for identifying and delineating borders to CLCX, including an online reference atlas. Our data indicated four distinct subregions within CLCX, subdividing both CL and DEn into two. Additionally, we conducted brain‐wide tracing of inputs to CLCX using a transgenic mouse line. Immunohistochemical staining against myelin basic protein (MBP), parvalbumin (PV), and calbindin (CB) revealed intricate fiber‐architectural patterns enabling precise delineations of CLCX and its subregions. Myelinated fibers were abundant dorsally in CL but absent ventrally, whereas PV expressing fibers occupied the entire CL. CB staining revealed a central gap within CL, also visible anterior to the striatum. The Nr2f2, Npsr1, and Cplx3 genes expressed specifically within different subregions of the CLCX, and Rprm helped delineate the CL‐insular border. Furthermore, cells in CL projecting to the retrosplenial cortex were located within the myelin sparse area. By combining own experimental data with digitally available datasets of gene expression and input connectivity, we could demonstrate that the proposed delineation scheme allows anchoring of datasets from different origins to a common reference framework.

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The claustrum of the sheep and its connections to the visual cortex

Cited by 9 publications

References 105 publications

Morphometric study of the ventricular indexes in healthy ovine BRAIN using MRI

Morphometric study of the ventricular indexes in healthy ovine BRAIN using MRI

Proteomic Profiling Reveals Specific Molecular Hallmarks of the Pig Claustrum

A multifaceted architectural framework of the mouse claustrum complex

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