The climate in Western Europe during the last Glacial/Interglacial cycle derived from pollen and insect remains

Guiot, Joël; Beaulieu, J.‐L. de; Cheddadi, Rachid; David, F.; Ponel, Philippe; Reille, Maurice

doi:10.1016/0031-0182(93)90053-l

Cited by 214 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Similarly, recent data (Veraverbeke et al 2017) and modelling (Romps et al 2014) also suggest that lightning frequency and lightning-caused wildfires are associated with current global warming. Furthermore, we know that the major cold (glacial) and warm (interglacial) oscillations (and the shorter-term variations within these) that occurred in the Pleistocene clearly resulted in changes in temperature, humidity, and plant biomass and moisture: this has been abundantly documented in the paleontological, palynological, and geological record of Western Europe (e.g., de Beaulieu and Reille 1989;Discamps 2014;Discamps et al 2011;Goni et al 2008;Genty 2008;Guiot et al 1993; Laville 1975; Reille and De Beaulieu 1990;Tzedakis 1994;Woillard 1978). Given what we know about how these variables affect lightning-caused fires today, we can expect that during colder periods in the Pleistocene there was a decrease in both lightning frequencies and the type and quantity of vegetation that would favor the ignition and spread of fire.…”

Section: Do Lightning-caused Wildfires Vary With Climate?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Were Western European Neandertals Able to Make Fire?

et al. 2018

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Significant variability has been observed in the frequency of fire use over the course of the Late Pleistocene at several Middle Paleolithic sites in southwest France. In particular, Neandertals appear to have used fire more frequently during warm climatic periods and very infrequently during cold periods. After reviewing several lines of evidence and alternative explanations for this variability, the null hypothesis that these Neandertals were not able to make fire still stands.

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Section: Do Lightning-caused Wildfires Vary With Climate?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Were Western European Neandertals Able to Make Fire?

et al. 2018

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“…PFTs scores derived from modern pollen data are related to climatic parameters by using an artificial neural network to calibrate non linear relationships between PFTs and climatic variables . This PFT climate calibration -climate calibration is considered to be more robust than the previous taxon (Huntley and Prentice, 1988;Guiot et al, 1993) -because groups of taxa have a betterdefined response to climatic changes than individual taxa (Prentice et al, 1992). The coefficients obtained with the ANN technique are then applied to the fossil PFT scores to infer climatic variables.…”

Section: The Artificial Neural Network Technique (Ann)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen, vegetation change and climate at Lake Barombi Mbo (Cameroon) during the last ca. 33 000 cal yr BP: a numerical approach

2012

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Abstract. This paper presents quantitative reconstructions of vegetation and climate along the pollen sequence of Lake Barombi Mbo, southwestern Cameroon (4 • 39 45.75 N, 9 • 23 51.63 E, 303 m a.s.l.) during the last 33 000 cal yr BP, improving previous empirical interpretations. The biomisation method was applied to reconstruct potential biomes and forest successional stages. Mean annual precipitation, mean annual potential evapotranspiration and an index of moisture availability were reconstructed using modern analogues and an artificial neural network technique. The results show a dense forested environment around Lake Barombi Mbo of mixed evergreen/semi-deciduous type during the most humid phases (highest precipitation and lowest evapotranspiration), but with a more pronounced semi-deciduous type from ca. 6500 cal yr BP to the present day, related to increased seasonality. This forest displays a mature character until ca. 2800 cal yr BP, then becomes of secondary type during the last millennium, probably due to increased human activity. Two episodes of forest fragmentation are shown, which are synchronous with the lowest reconstructed precipitation and highest potential evapotranspiration values. The first of these occurs during the LGM, and the second one from ca. 3000 to ca. 1200 cal yr BP, mainly linked to high precipitation seasonality. Savanna were, however, never extensive within the Barombi Mbo basin, existing instead inside the forest in form of savanna patches. The climate reconstructions at Lake Barombi Mbo suggest that the artificial neural networks technique would be more reliable in this region, although the annual precipitation values are likely under-estimated through the whole sequence.

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“…2c) as an indicator of α, a variable directly related to the water stress. This constrained analysis has already been proposed with different proxies by Seret et al (1992); Guiot et al (1993); Cheddadi et al (1996); Magny et al (2001). For each fossil pollen spectrum, analogues were selected from the modern pollen spectra dataset subject to a broad consistency requirement according to α values.…”

Section: A Multi-proxy Technique To Reconstruct Climate Time Variabilmentioning

confidence: 99%

East Asian Monsoon and paleoclimatic data analysis: a vegetation point of view

Guiot

Wu²,

Jiang³

et al. 2008

Clim. Past

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International audienceFirst we review several syntheses of paleodata (pollen, lake-levels) showing the climate variations in China and Mongolia from the last glacial maximum to Present and in particular the precipitation increase at mid Holocene related to enhanced monsoon. All these results concur to a much enhanced monsoon on most of China during the first half of the Holocene. Second we present, in some details, a temporal study of a core (Lake Bayanchagan, Inner Mongolia) located in an arid region at the edge of the present East Asian Monsoon (EAM) influence and then sensitive to climatic change. This study involves pollen data together with other macro-remains and stable isotope curve to obtain a robust climate reconstruction. This study shows a long wet period between 11 000 and 5000 years BP divided in two parts, a warmer one from 11 000 and 8000 (marked by large evapotranspiration) and a cooler one more favourable to forest expansion. Third, we present a spatial study based on pollen data only and covering all China and Mongolia at 6000 years BP, but using a mechanistic modelling approach, in an inverse mode. It has the advantage to take into account environmental context different from the present one (lower atmospheric CO(2), different seasonality). This study shows temperature generally cooler than present one in southern China, but a significant warming was found over Mongolia, and a slightly higher in northeast China. Precipitation was generally higher than today in southern, northeast China, and northern Mongolia, but lower or similar to today in northwest China and north China. Enhanced EAM was then found in the southern half of China and in northeast China

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The climate in Western Europe during the last Glacial/Interglacial cycle derived from pollen and insect remains

Cited by 214 publications

References 40 publications

Were Western European Neandertals Able to Make Fire?

Were Western European Neandertals Able to Make Fire?

Pollen, vegetation change and climate at Lake Barombi Mbo (Cameroon) during the last ca. 33 000 cal yr BP: a numerical approach

East Asian Monsoon and paleoclimatic data analysis: a vegetation point of view

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