The clinical anatomy of the crista terminalis, pectinate muscles and the teniae sagittalis

Frequency and Significance of Right Atrial Appendage Thrombi in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter

“…Such a complex muscular architecture, not present in the smooth left atrium, has recently raised new interest among electrophysiologists as a potential electric barrier and arrhythmia focus. 23,24 Third, the RAA has lower plasticity, and it lacks significant remodeling in AF, as demonstrated by Subramanian et al, 16 who studied appendage enlargement in AF and found that LAA area increased significantly (6.4 vs 4.3 cm 2 ), whereas RAA area did not (5.7 cm 2 in AF vs 5.4 cm 2 in sinus rhythm). We can assume that the different muscular architecture and structure may prevent RAA dilatation and THR formation, but these data need further investigation.…”

Anatomy of Right Atrial Structures by Real-Time 3D Transesophageal Echocardiography

“…The CT may vary in size and thickness most often appearing as distinct ridge, but it may also be a broad and almost flat structure or narrow and thin structure. Pectinate muscles emerge in branching fashion from the CT spreading out into the right atrial appendage (16,17). Acquisition of RT 3D TEE images of CT.…”

Anatomic Variants Mimicking Pathology on Echocardiography: Differential Diagnosis

“…Crista terminalis is a well-defined fibromuscular ridge separating a smooth sinus venarum and trabeculated RA 6). Externally, it corresponds to the sulcus terminalis, and internally, it extends from the superior vena cava (SVC) to IVC along the lateral RA wall.…”