The clinical and immunological features of leprosy

Walker, Steven L.; Lockwood, Diana N J

doi:10.1093/bmb/ldl010

Cited by 157 publications

(209 citation statements)

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“…Multibacillary leprosy is characterized by high bacillary load and many skin lesions. Therefore, the untreated multibacillary patients are the main source of leprosy transmission [7][8][9][10][11]. Th2 cytokine levels such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 that are characteristic of lepromatous or multibacillary patients, are elevated in those patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Black Cumin Supplementation on the Level of Interferon-γ in Multibacillary Leprosy Patient under MDT-WHO Therapy

Riyanto¹

2017

CDOAJ

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Black Cumin Supplementation on the Level of Interferon-γ in Multibacillary Leprosy Patient under MDT-WHO Therapy

Riyanto¹

2017

CDOAJ

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“…Of the two types of reaction occurring in leprosy, type I reaction (Reversal Reaction, RR) is a type-IV hypersensitivity reaction where there is partial shift of cell mediated immunity most frequently observed in borderline categories i.e., Borderline Tuberculoid (BT), Borderline (BB) and Borderline Lepromatous (BL) with a frequency of 30% in these patients [1,2] or in Multibacillary (MB) cases [2]. Age is a relevant additional risk factor for RR occurrence and sequelae [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RR is frequently recurrent and leading cause of nerve damage. It can occur at any time but are frequently occur after starting MDT or during the puerperium [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leprosy Reactions: Frequency and Risk Factors

Quyum¹

2016

CDT

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Objective: To observe the frequency and risk factors of reactions in different category of leprosy patients. Methods:In this observational study 722 leprosy patients [77.8% Paucibacillary (PB) and 22.2% Multibacillary (MB)] were included over a period of 2 ½ years. The clinical & epidemiological details of the patient were recorded during diagnosis and subsequent follow up.Results: 10.5% patients had leprosy reaction; 7.6% type I and 2.9% type II. 7.1% had reaction at diagnosis and 3.4% during or after completion of treatment. 2.3% (13/562) PB patients had reaction all of which were type I, whereas 39.4% (63/160) of MB patients had reaction (26.3% type I and 13.1% type II). Lepromatous end of the spectrum of leprosy had higher frequency of reaction (71.0% in LL and 64.0% in BL in comparison to 6.0%, 5.3% and 23.1% in TT, BT and BB respectively). Males had higher frequency of type I reaction in comparison to females (male female: 11.3% 3.3%, p<0.001) whereas MB patients had significantly higher frequency in comparison to PB patients (MB PB: 26.3% 2.3%, p<0.001); which was also true for type II reaction (male female: 4.6% 0.9%, p=0.003; MB PB: 13.1% 0.0%, p<0.001). Heavy skin infiltration, higher bacillary load and disability were observed in type II reaction. Conclusion:Male MB patients at the lepromatous end of spectrum of leprosy had higher frequency of reaction. Type II reaction was less frequent than type I reaction, but was associated with higher degree of skin infiltration and disability along with higher bacillary index.Citation: Farhana-Quyum, Mashfiqul-Hasan, Chowdhury WK, Wahab MA (2016) Leprosy Reactions: Frequency and Risk Factors. J Clin Dermatol Ther 3: 022. • Page 2 of 3 •

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“…I): 28-33, 2012 Leprosy is an ancient disease considered to be a neglected tropical disease that remains endemic and is still a major public health problem in some tropical countries, where it has been internationally recognized as being linked to the underdevelopment conditions. It still persists in nonendemic areas because of the great mobility of people around the world and the increasing rates of immigration from countries where leprosy is endemic (Ooi & Moschella 2001, Gill et al 2005, Walker & Lockwood 2006. The natural course of the disease covers a wide variety of clinical conditions with systemic involvement.…”

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confidence: 99%