The Clinical Applicability of the Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ) to Chronic Schizophrenic Patients in Taiwan

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

et al. 2016

Our findings support the mediating model of insight relevant to the poor psychosocial outcomes of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia in non-Western societies, in which self-stigma plays a pivotal role. These findings elucidate the direct and indirect effects of insight on psychosocial outcomes and imply that identifying and correcting self-stigma in people with schizophrenia could be beneficial. Additional studies are required to identify whether several other neurocognitive or psychosocial variables mediate or moderate the association of insight with self-esteem, depression and QoL in patients with schizophrenia. Studies with detailed longitudinal assessments are necessary to confirm our findings.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight, self-stigma and psychosocial outcomes in Schizophrenia: a structural equation modelling approach

Lien

Chang

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

et al. 2016

“…Its Need for Treatment and Presence/Outcome of Illness subscales have been used as brief screening instruments for schizophrenic patients who may be at risk for treatment noncompliance [33]. The Taiwanese version of the SAIQ [34] is a selfreported instrument composed of 17 items in which participants are asked to rate the extent to which they agree with each statement using a four-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (i.e., ''do not agree at all'') to 3 (i.e., ''agree completely''). The internal consistency of the Taiwanese version of the SAIQ is 0.867 and the test-retest reliability is 0.8 [34].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Taiwanese version of the SAIQ [34] is a selfreported instrument composed of 17 items in which participants are asked to rate the extent to which they agree with each statement using a four-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (i.e., ''do not agree at all'') to 3 (i.e., ''agree completely''). The internal consistency of the Taiwanese version of the SAIQ is 0.867 and the test-retest reliability is 0.8 [34]. Lower SAIQ subscale scores indicate decreased a patient's awareness of psychiatric illness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidal Behavior and Insight into Illness Among Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Liu

2010

Psychiatr Q

Self Cite

The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between suicidal behavior and socio-demographic and clinical factors, including insight into illness, in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We evaluated 104 inpatients using the Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ) for insight assessment, several Beck-related symptoms rating scales, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for psychopathology. These patients were also evaluated for suicidal behavior and risk using the critical items of the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) and lifetime suicide attempts. Patients with suicidal behavior generally had greater insight into illness than those who were non-suicidal. After controlling for depressive symptoms, the association of insight into illness with current suicidal ideation remained significant, whereas the association between insight and lifetime suicide attempts was no longer significant. As predicted, the regression analyses revealed that those with greater suicide risk had significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms and hopelessness and more lifetime suicide attempts. Moreover, greater insight into illness appeared to have a close, independent connection to suicidal behavior. Our findings suggest that depression, hopelessness, and greater insight into illness are major risk factors for suicide in patients with schizophrenia. It is plausible that depression mediates the relationship between greater insight into illness and suicidal behavior. Aggressive improvement of insight without the risk of deteriorating depressive symptoms may be warranted to reduce the risk of suicide.

“…A review of the literature indicates that clinical insight is associated with depression in patients with psychosis [33,39-41]; however, the findings of studies examining the relationship between cognitive insight and depression have been mixed. Two studies [33,37] found a correlation between depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and cognitive insight in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder; however, another study [24] did not find such a correlation in individuals with psychotic disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing cognitive insight in nonpsychiatric individuals and outpatients with schizophrenia in Taiwan: an investigation using the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale

Wang

et al. 2011

BMC Psychiatry

Self Cite

BackgroundThe Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) was designed for the assessment of the cognitive processes involved in self-reflection and the ability to modify erroneous beliefs and misinterpretations. Studies investigating the factor structure of the BCIS have indicated a two-factor model in the psychotic population. The factor structure of the BCIS, however, has not received much consideration in the nonpsychiatric population. The present study examined the factor structure and validity of the BCIS and compared its scores between nonpsychiatric individuals and outpatients with psychosis.MethodThe Taiwanese version of the BCIS was administered to 507 nonpsychiatric individuals and 118 outpatients with schizophrenia. The psychometric properties of the BCIS were examined through the following analyses: exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, reliability, correlation analyses, and discriminative validity.ResultsThe BCIS showed adequate internal consistency and stability over time. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the 15-item measure indicated a two-factor solution that supported the two dimensions of the Taiwanese BCIS, which was also observed with the original BCIS. Following the construct validation, we obtained a composite index (self-reflectiveness minus self-certainty) of the Taiwanese BCIS that reflected cognitive insight. Consistent with previous studies, our results indicated that psychosis is associated with low self-reflectiveness and high self-certainty, which possibly reflect lower cognitive insight. Our results also showed that better cognitive insight is related to worse depression in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but not in nonpsychiatric individuals. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.731. A composite index of 3 was a good limit, with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 51%.ConclusionThe BCIS proved to be useful for measuring cognitive insight in Taiwanese nonpsychiatric and psychotic populations.