The Clinical Application of Immunohistochemical Expression of Notch4 Protein in Patients with Colon Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

The Notch signalling pathway is one of the most conserved and well-characterised pathways involved in cell fate decisions and the development of many diseases, including cancer. Among them, it is worth noting the Notch4 receptor and its clinical application, which may have prognostic value in patients with colon adenocarcinoma. The study was performed on 129 colon adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemical and fluorescence expression of Notch4 was performed using the Notch4 antibody. The associations between the IHC expression of Notch4 and clinical parameters were analysed using the Chi2 test or Chi2Yatesa test. The Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log-rank test were used to verify the relationship between the intensity of Notch4 expression and the 5-year survival rate of patients. Intracellular localisation of Notch4 was detected by the use of the immunogold labelling method and TEM. 101 (78.29%) samples had strong Notch4 protein expression, and 28 (21.71%) samples were characterised by low expression. The high expression of Notch4 was clearly correlated with the histological grade of the tumour (p < 0.001), PCNA immunohistochemical expression (p < 0.001), depth of invasion (p < 0.001) and angioinvasion (p < 0.001). We can conclude that high expression of Notch4 is correlated with poor prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma patients (log-rank, p < 0.001).

Glutaredoxin 2 Protein (Grx2) as an Independent Prognostic Factor Associated with the Survival of Colon Adenocarcinoma Patients

“…As per previous studies [28][29][30], our objective was to investigate the expression of Grx2 protein in colon adenocarcinomas via immunofluorescence staining. For this purpose, we selected 50 tissue sections that were stained with anti-Grx2 antibody and Dako Liquid Permanent Red chromogen (LPR).…”

“…Mayer's hematoxylin was used to counterstain the nuclei. In order to analyze the results of immune histochemical staining, we followed the immunoreactive score used in previous publications [29,30,57,58]. The score was based on both the intensity and the number of cells with positive reactions.…”

Glutathione Reductase Expression and Its Prognostic Significance in Colon Cancer

“…In our investigation, we wanted to examine the expression of GR protein in colon adenocarcinomas also by using the immunofluorescence technique as described in our previous studies [31,32] and a report published by Frithiof et al [33]. Fifty tissue sections treated with anti-GR antibody and Dako Liquid Permanent Red chromogen (LPR) were chosen at random, including ten control samples, twenty-five samples of low expression as determined by immunohistochemistry, and twenty-five with high expression.…”

A Prognostic Activity of Glutaredoxin 1 Protein (Grx1) in Colon Cancer

“…Our study aimed to investigate the expression of Grx1 in colon adenocarcinomas by using immunofluorescent staining, based on previous studies [36][37][38]. We randomly selected 50 tissue section slides, which were treated with anti-Grx1 antibody and Dako Liquid Permanent Red chromogen (LPR).…”