2017
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01182
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The Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Infectious Disease

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded non-coding RNA sequences that posttranscriptionally regulate up to 60% of protein encoding genes. Evidence is emerging that miRNAs are key mediators of the host response to infection, predominantly by regulating proteins involved in innate and adaptive immune pathways. miRNAs can govern the cellular tropism of some viruses, are implicated in the resistance of some individuals to infections like HIV, and are associated with impaired vaccine response in older people. … Show more

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Cited by 138 publications
(126 citation statements)
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References 212 publications
(175 reference statements)
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“…microRNA profiles in cells isolated from patients suffering from viral, bacterial or fungal infections differed from healthy controls [60]. This tendency has been also shown in vitro infected cells [60].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 78%
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“…microRNA profiles in cells isolated from patients suffering from viral, bacterial or fungal infections differed from healthy controls [60]. This tendency has been also shown in vitro infected cells [60].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 78%
“…Those are short (∼22nt long) noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally negatively regulate gene expression. It is estimated that microRNAs regulate around 60% of protein coding genes [60]. Canonically, microRNAs fine-tune mRNA expression by binding to the transcripts 3'UTR region and inducing either mRNA cleavage or causing inhibition of translation [60].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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