The Clinical Biochemistry of Alcohol

Rosalki, S B

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-0167-2.50012-1

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 70 publications

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“…Obesity is becoming a growing health problem worldwide. It is generally defined as a condition of increased adipose tissue mass [ 1 ] and can be further specified as an accumulation of body mass beyond physical requirements [ 2 ]. The WHO describes obesity and overweight as excessive fat accumulation leading to higher morbidity rates for various health problems [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inflammatory Profile of Obesity and the Role on Pulmonary Bacterial and Viral Infections

Hornung

Rogal

Loskill

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Obesity is a globally increasing health problem, entailing diverse comorbidities such as infectious diseases. An obese weight status has marked effects on lung function that can be attributed to mechanical dysfunctions. Moreover, the alterations of adipocyte-derived signal mediators strongly influence the regulation of inflammation, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Our review summarizes the known effects regarding pulmonary bacterial and viral infections. For this, we discuss model systems that allow mechanistic investigation of the interplay between obesity and lung infections. Overall, obesity gives rise to a higher susceptibility to infectious pathogens, but the pathogenetic process is not clearly defined. Whereas, viral infections often show a more severe course in obese patients, the same patients seem to have a survival benefit during bacterial infections. In particular, we summarize the main mechanical impairments in the pulmonary tract caused by obesity. Moreover, we outline the main secretory changes within the expanded adipose tissue mass, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Finally, we connect these altered host factors to the influence of obesity on the development of lung infection by summarizing observations from clinical and experimental data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inflammatory Profile of Obesity and the Role on Pulmonary Bacterial and Viral Infections

Hornung

Rogal

Loskill

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Thoracic adipose tissue contributes to severe virus infection of the lung

Hornung,

Schulz,

Köse-Vogel

et al. 2023

Int J Obes

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Objective Obesity is an independent risk factor for severe influenza virus and COVID-19 infections. There might be an interplay between adipose tissue and respiratory pathogens, although the mechanism is unknown. Proinflammatory factors secreted by the adipose tissue are often discussed to serve as indirect contributor to virus infection. However, the direct potential of adipose tissue to serve as a viral niche has not yet been investigated. Methods Two murine obesity models (DIO and ob/ob) were infected with influenza A virus (IAV) and monitored for 3 weeks. p.i. Lung and adipose tissue were harvested, and the viral load was analysed. Direct replication of IAV in vitro was investigated in human derived primary adipocytes and macrophages. The indirect impact of the secretory products of adipocytes during infection was analysed in a co-culture system with lung fibroblasts. Moreover, lung and adipose tissue was harvested from deceased patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. Additionally, replication of SARS-CoV-2 alpha, delta, and omicron variants was investigated in vitro in adipocytes and macrophages. Results Both murine obesity models presented high IAV titers compared to non-obese mice. Interestingly, adipose tissue adjacent to the lungs was a focal point for influenza virus replication in mice. We further detected IAV replication and antiviral response in human adipocytes. Co-cultivation of adipocytes and lung fibroblasts led to increased IL-8 concentration during infection. Though we observed SARS-CoV-2 in the thoracic adipose tissue of COVID-19 patients, no active replication was found in adipocytes in vitro. However, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the macrophages and this finding was associated with increased inflammation. Conclusions Our study revealed that thoracic adipose tissue contributes to respiratory virus infection. Besides indirect induction of proinflammatory factors during infection, adipocytes and macrophages within the tissue can directly support viral replication.

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Biochemical Identification of Alcohol Abuse

Rosalki

1999

Int J Clinical Practice

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The Clinical Biochemistry of Alcohol

Cited by 7 publications

References 70 publications

The Inflammatory Profile of Obesity and the Role on Pulmonary Bacterial and Viral Infections

The Inflammatory Profile of Obesity and the Role on Pulmonary Bacterial and Viral Infections

Thoracic adipose tissue contributes to severe virus infection of the lung

Biochemical Identification of Alcohol Abuse

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