Study design: Retrospective cohort study.Objective: To explore the clinical effect of precise injection and staged perfusion of bone cement kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.Methods: 110 patients treated with kyphoplasty from January 2020 to June 2021 were selected and divided into experimental group (n = 55) and control group (n = 55) according to different surgical methods. The experimental group was treated with precise injection and staged perfusion of bone cement kyphoplasty, while the control group was treated with traditional kyphoplasty. The operation time,intraoperative blood loss and amount of bone cement injection were recorded. The pain improvement was evaluated by VAS score. The operation effect were evaluated by anterior height of injured vertebral body, middle height of injured vertebral body, wedge angle of injured vertebral body and distribution grade of bone cement. The incidence of surgical complications was evaluated by the number of bone cement leakage.Results: There were no significant difference in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss and the amount of bone cement injection in two groups. There were no significant difference in VAS scores at 2h, 4h and 48h after operation between the two groups (P > 0.05); There were no significant difference in the ratio of anterior height of injured vertebral body between the two groups on the third day after operation and the last follow-up (P > 0.05); There were no significant difference in the ratio of middle height of injured vertebral body between the two groups on the third day after operation and the last follow-up (P > 0.05); There were no significant difference in wedge angle of injured vertebral body between the two groups at the third day after operation and the last follow-up (P > 0.05). There was significant difference in the distribution grade of bone cement between the two groups (P < 0.01); There was significant difference in the number of bone cement leakage between the two groups (P < 0.01), In cases of bone cement leakage, there were 1 case of type C, 1 case of type S in the experimental group, 7 cases of type C and 2 cases of type S in the control group.Conclusion: Precise injection and staged perfusion of bone cement kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture can effectively reduce surgical complications and improve surgical efficacy.