The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of long-term weight management schemes for adults: a systematic review

Abstract

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A systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of worksite physical activity and/or nutrition programs

“…This superior effectiveness might be explained by the fact that these studies conducted follow-up measurements immediately after the intervention period (<6 months) as opposed to several months after the completion of the program (≥6 months) in the studies performed from a broader perspective. Systematic reviews show that (partial) weight rebound after the intervention period is common (60,61). Another explanation may be the non-randomized design of two of these three studies (ie, results may be confounded by selection bias) (40).…”

Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Programs; How Far are we?

“…Thus, it is extremely difficult to maintain weight loss, even in studies where the intervention is still in full force and the enrolees are extremely well motivated. In addition, more evidence is needs to establish whether such intensive face-to-face individual implementation strategies are feasible in the long-term, whether group-based or remote contacts provides comparable efficacy in a more cost effective manner, and whether lessskilled personnel can deliver these same interventions [83,84,[92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99]. Actually, the most successful interventions were obtained using many personnel and intensive supervision while the current practice requests less expensive, simple interventions which can be easily carried out in daily practice.…”

“…It has been shown to reduce diabetes risk factors, including body weight and blood glucose levels, and has shown success in diabetes management. The provision of medical nutrition therapy by registered dieticians or other nutrition professionals, who are experts in offering individualized nutrition counseling, will improve the quality of counseling offered to patients and alleviate the burden on physicians to provide nutrition education [65,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84]. Although the cost of medical nutrition therapy is less than an intensive lifestyle intervention, more research is needed in the area of this form of intervention and community diabetes prevention programs to assess the effectiveness at decreasing diabetes incidence in the long term.…”

A Life Course Perspective on Health Trajectories and Transitions

“…There is now strong evidence that pre-natal and early-life factors are involved in the development of childhood obesity (Parsons et al 1999;Warrington et al 2013;Fairley et al 2013), and that obesity often begins early in life (Kipping et al 2008;Reilly and Wilson 2006). Furthermore, despite some interventions with established effectiveness (Picot et al 2009;Loveman et al 2011;Ara et al 2012), adult obesity has proved very difficult to treat (Livhits et al 2012;Loveman et al 2011), emphasising the need for early preventative intervention. Utilising longitudinal data from cohort studies enables the study of the dynamic patterns of adiposity development across the life course, and may help to inform the development of intervention strategies.…”