The Clinical Effectiveness of Biofreeze^® Topical Analgesic on Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Healthcare providers sometimes recommend topical analgesics instead of oral medication for temporary relief of musculoskeletal pain. Research suggests the mechanism of action of Biofreeze ® is based on cryotherapy effect. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the mechanism of action and determine the clinical efficacy of Biofreeze topical analgesic on musculoskeletal pain. Study Design: This study uses a systematic review study design. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for keywords such as "biofreeze" or "topical menthol". Articles or abstracts on musculoskeletal pain outcomes were included. In total, 279 articles were screened and data were extracted from 9 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: Both statistical and clinically significant pain reduction were identified in studies of pain in the neck, back, and hand, whereas results were mixed for muscle soreness. Patients with knee pain had statistically significant reductions in pain that did not meet a clinically significant threshold. This review was limited by a lack of well-controlled clinical trials in large patient populations. Conclusion: Biofreeze has been shown to provide clinically significant reductions in pain in several musculoskeletal populations.

Use of a Non-Pharmacological Pain Relief Kit to Reduce Opioid Use Following Orthopedic Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study

“…22 Biofreeze is a menthol-based superficial cooling product which has previously been shown to effectively reduce pain in a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. 23,24 Although the active ingredient in Biofreeze, menthol, does not lower tissue temperature, it stimulates cold thermoreceptors [25][26][27][28] through a chemical reaction resulting in pain relief 29 through a counterirritant effect. 30 Heat packs are also commonly utilized at home when individuals seek comfort and pain relief.…”