The Clinical Effectiveness of the Bispectral Index (BIS) To Reduce the Risk of Awareness for Elective Surgical Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: Unintended intra-operative awareness is a serious complication of general anesthesia. The incidence of such awareness has been reported to be about 0.1-0.6% of patients under general anesthesia. Reminiscence of what occurred during the operation can be felt by patients, which can be stressful and leave lasting mental suffering afterward the operation. Patients that experience unintended intra-operative awareness may have some combination of auditory function, tactual feeling, a sense of weakness, an inability to move, pain, and dread. Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring has been shown to decrease awareness and boost recovery time from anesthesia. Aims of the study is to evaluate the clinical impact of BIS monitoring to reduce the incidence of awareness and its impact on hemodynamic parameters, drug consumption, the recovery time and the end-tidal concentration of volatile anesthetics in adult patients undergoing various types of surgery under general anesthesia.

Comparative effects of intravenous esmolol and lidocaine on bispectral index during propofol-fentanyl induction in patients scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia

“…Achieving adequate depth of anaesthesia is an important goal during the conduct of general anaesthesia. When the depth of anaesthesia is inadequate, patients can become aware under anaesthesia and may have undesirable sympathetic stimulation leading to hemodynamic instability [1,2]. On the contrary, when anaesthetic depth is excessive, depression of the cardiovascular system may occur [2].…”