The Clinical Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Treatments for Alcohol and Drugs Use Disorders: A Meta-Analytic Review of Randomized and Nonrandomized Controlled Trials

Cavicchioli, Marco; Movalli, Mariagrazia; Maffei, Cesare

doi:10.1159/000490762

Cited by 94 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…In the present study, MBRP significantly reduced scores for both depression and anxiety symptoms three months after the intervention. These results add to the evidence of a recent systematic review and meta-analysis 15 that evaluated the effects of MBI on different treatment outcomes in individuals with SUD. No studies were found that evaluated the effects of MBRP on anxiety or anger.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

The contribution of mindfulness to outpatient substance use disorder treatment in Brazil: a preliminary study

Machado

Fidalgo

Brasiliano

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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Objective: To explore the contribution of a mindfulness-based intervention as an adjuvant to outpatient substance use disorder treatment. Outcomes included substance use behavior, depression and anxiety symptoms, and anger expression. Methods: This preliminary study for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial with stratified random allocation included three months of follow-up. In two outpatient clinics linked to public universities, a mindfulness-based intervention plus treatment as usual (experimental group n=22) was compared to treatment as usual (control group n=20). The study included data from self-report measurements and the patients' records, which were evaluated according to intention-to-treat analysis through generalized estimating equations and generalized method of moments estimation. Results: The experimental group had lower symptoms of depression (b=-6.82; 95%CI-12.45 to-1.18) and anxiety (b=-0.25; 95%CI-0.42 to-0.09), and anger expression (b=-9.76; 95%CI-18.98 to-0.54) three months after the intervention. We detected no effect on substance use behavior. Conclusion: The mindfulness-based intervention yielded promising results as an adjuvant to outpatient substance use disorder treatment, since it reduced levels of highly prevalent symptoms in this population. However, further studies with longer follow-up periods and larger samples are required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

The contribution of mindfulness to outpatient substance use disorder treatment in Brazil: a preliminary study

Machado

Fidalgo

Brasiliano

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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“…In comparison, a meta-analysis that examined the health benefits of mindfulness-based interventions indicated a moderate-sized effect of the interventions on physical health (d = .53, which is equivalent to an r of .26) (Grossman, Niemann, Schmidt, & Walach, 2004). Meta-analyses examining single health behaviours have suggested that mindfulness-based interventions have a large effect on reducing binge eating (Godfrey, Gallo, & Afari, 2015), a small effect on promoting substance abstinence (Cavicchioli, Movalli, & Maffei, 2018), but do not have a significant effect on smoking cessation (Maglione et al, 2017). There are several potential reasons regarding why we observed a much smaller effect than some meta-analyses examining mindfulness-based interventions.…”

Section: Mindfulness and Health Behaviors: Agreggated Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait mindfulness and health behaviours: a meta-analysis

Sala

Rochefort

Lui

et al. 2019

Health Psychology Review

128

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Mindfulness is defined as bringing one's attention to present-moment experience with acceptance, and is associated with engagement in various health behaviours. To synthesise and evaluate this literature, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analytic review and examined (a) the associations between trait mindfulness and health behaviours and (b) the extent to which these associations were moderated by study and individual differences. A total of 125 independent samples were included (N = 31,697, median male percentage = 38.8%, median age = 28.3). A multilevel random-effects model was used to estimate summary study-level effect sizes, and multilevel mixed-effects models were used to examine moderator effects. Mindfulness had a positive and small association with aggregated health behaviours (r = .08). Mindfulness was positively associated with physical activity, healthy eating, and sleep (rs = .08-.14), and negatively associated with alcohol use (r = −.06). Effects were larger for health promoting behaviours, the acting with awareness facet of mindfulness, and samples involving psychiatric patients. Although findings indicate that individual differences in trait mindfulness do not reliably translate into a pattern of healthful behaviours in general, trait mindfulness shows a stronger associations with health behaviours under certain conditions.

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“…Previous studies have shown promising effects of Tai Chi or Qigong exercise on improving depression and anxiety among various populations, including healthy adults [36][37][38][39], and clinical patients with cancer [40], fibromyalgia [41], and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [42]. There are some systematic reviews examining the efficacy of mindful-based treatment for alcohol and substance abuse [43,44]. There is also an increasing number of studies focusing on the effects of Tai Chi and Qigong exercise on drug addicts' psychological problems, especially anxiety and dependence, during the withdrawal phase, but the literature lacks a systematic review on this subject.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of tai chi and Qigong exercise on depression and anxiety of individuals with substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Liu

Cui

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background: Previous studies have acknowledged Tai Chi and Qigong exercise could be potential effective treatments for reducing depression and anxiety in both healthy and clinical populations. However, there is a scarcity of systematic reviews summarizing the clinical evidence conducted among individuals with substance use disorders. This study tries to fill up this gap. Methods: A systematic search using Medline, EMbase, PsychINFO, Eric, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and the Chinese Scientific Journal (VIP) databases was initiated to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized comparison studies (NRS) assessing the effect of Tai Chi and Qigong versus various comparison groups on depression and anxiety related outcomes. Study quality was evaluated using a Checklist to Evaluate a Report of a Nonpharmacological Trial (CLEAR-NPT) designed for nonpharmacological trial. Results: One RCT and six NRS with a total of 772 participants were identified. Some of them were metaanalyzed to examine the pooled effects based on different types of intervention and controls. The results of meta-analyses suggested the effect of Tai Chi was comparable to treatment as usual (TAU) on depression (standardized mean difference (SMD) = − 0.17[− 0.52, 0.17]). Qigong exercise appears to result in improvement on anxiety compared to that of medication (SMD =-1.12[− 1.47, − 0.78]), and no treatment control (SMD =-0.52[− 0.77, − 0.27]). Conclusion: The findings suggest potentially beneficial effect of Qigong exercise on symptoms of anxiety among individuals with drug abuse. Considering the small number and overall methodological weakness of included studies and lack of RCTs, results should be interpreted with caution and future rigorously designed RCTs are warranted to provide more reliable evidence.

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The Clinical Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Treatments for Alcohol and Drugs Use Disorders: A Meta-Analytic Review of Randomized and Nonrandomized Controlled Trials

Cited by 94 publications

References 119 publications

The contribution of mindfulness to outpatient substance use disorder treatment in Brazil: a preliminary study

The contribution of mindfulness to outpatient substance use disorder treatment in Brazil: a preliminary study

Trait mindfulness and health behaviours: a meta-analysis

The effect of tai chi and Qigong exercise on depression and anxiety of individuals with substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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