The clinician rating of adult communication (CRAC): A Clinician's guide to the assessment of interpersonal communication skill

Basco, Monica Ramirez; Birchler, Gary R.; Kalal, Bhuvanesh Sukhlal; Talbott, Richard E.; Slater, Mark A.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199105)47:3<368::aid-jclp2270470308>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As noted by Basco et al (1991), the CRAC has high levels of internal consistency, testretest agreement, and interrater reliability. CRAC subscale scores are significantly correlated with data from the Marital Interaction Coding System (Weiss, Hops, & Patterson, 1973).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marital interactions of drug-abusing patients and their partners: Comparisons with distressed couples and relationship to drug-using behavior.

Fals‐Stewart¹,

Birchler²

1998

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Couples with a drug-abusing husband (n = 17) and non-substance-abusing, distressed couples (n = 17) completed several self-report measures of relationship adjustment and participated in videotaped marital conflict-resolution discussions that were coded with the Clinician Rating of Adult Communication (CRAC). Although no differences were found between the couple types on the self-report inventories, drug-abusing couples had higher scores (indicating more frequent use of dysfunctional communication behaviors) on 3 of the 5 CRAC subscales (i.e., Abusiveness, Problem-Solving Skills, and Attribution of Blame) and a higher CRAC total score (a global measure of communication skill) than distressed couples. In addition, the CRAC total score for drug-abusing couples was negatively related to husbands' percentage of days abstinent during the year before entering substance abuse treatment.Although several controlled investigations have examined the marital relationships of alcoholic couples (for a review, see McCrady & Epstein, 1995), nearly all of the family studies of individuals who primarily abuse psychoactive substances other than alcohol have largely ignored the spousal system and have instead focused primarily on the family of origin (e.g

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marital interactions of drug-abusing patients and their partners: Comparisons with distressed couples and relationship to drug-using behavior.

Fals‐Stewart¹,

Birchler²

1998

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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“…More and more interest was paid to developing global coding systems to capture targeted interactional processes. Basco, Birchler, Kalal, Talbott, and Slater (1991) developed and validated a rapid rating scale called the Clinician Rating of Adult Communication (CRAC). Bèlanger, Sauborin, Laughrea, Dulude, and Wright (1993) compared macroscopic global coding systems (Marital Interaction Coding System‐Global and the Global Couple Interaction Coding System) and decided that the convergence was moderate and that it was premature to conclude that these macroscopic coding systems are interchangeable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decade Review: Observing Marital Interaction

Gottman¹,

Notarius²

2000

J of Marriage and Family

409

328

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This article reviews the advances made in the decade of the 1990s in observing marital interaction. Many technological advances in data collection, including synchronization of physiology, behavior, and cognition, and advances in data analysis such as sequential analysis, have yielded new understanding and advances in prediction of marital outcomes. The advances have also included the study of developmental processes, including the transition to parenthood and the study of midlife and older marriages. Central advances have been made in the study of affect and the study of power and in their integration. This advance has included the mathematical modeling of interaction using nonlinear difference equations and the development of typologies. There has been an added focus on health outcomes and the bidirectional effects of marriages on children. There has been an expansion of the study of marital interaction to common comorbid psychopathologies. Most important has been emergent theorizing based on the interaction of behavior, perception, and physiology, as well as their predictive power.Observational research plays a major role in research on marriage, both for purposes of description and for building theories of the mechanisms underlying central phenomena occurring within

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“…More and more interest was paid to developing global coding systems to capture targeted interactional processes. Basco, Birchler, Kalal, et al (1991) developed and validated a rapid rating scale called the Clinician Rating of Adult Communication (CRAC). Bèlanger, Sabourin, Laughrea, et al (1993) compared macroscopic global coding systems (MICS‐Global and the Global Couple Interaction Coding System) and decided that the convergence was moderate and that it was premature to conclude that these macroscopic coding systems are interchangeable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Marital Research in the 20th Century and a Research Agenda for the 21st Century

Gottman¹,

Notarius²

2002

Family Process

218

175

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In this article we review the advances made in the 20th century in studying marriages. Progress moved from a self-report, personality-based approach to the study of interaction in the 1950s, following the advent of general systems theory. This shift led, beginning in the 1970s, to the rapid development of marital research using a multimethod approach. The development of more sophisticated observational measures in the 1970s followed theorizing about family process that was begun in the decade of the 1950s. New techniques for observation, particularly the study of affect and the merging of synchronized data streams using observational and self-report perceptual data, and the use of sequential and time-series analyses produced new understandings of process and power. Research in the decades of the 1980s and 1990s witnessed the realization of many secular changes in the American family, including the changing role of women, social science's discovery of violence and incest in the family, the beginning of the study of cultural variation in marriages, the expansion of the measurement of marital outcomes to include longevity, health, and physiology (including the immune system), and the study of comorbidities that accompany marital distress. A research agenda for the 21st century is then described.

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The clinician rating of adult communication (CRAC): A Clinician's guide to the assessment of interpersonal communication skill

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Marital interactions of drug-abusing patients and their partners: Comparisons with distressed couples and relationship to drug-using behavior.

Marital interactions of drug-abusing patients and their partners: Comparisons with distressed couples and relationship to drug-using behavior.

Decade Review: Observing Marital Interaction

Marital Research in the 20th Century and a Research Agenda for the 21st Century

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