The clock diet: a practical nutritional guide to manage obesity through chrononutrition

Abstract

Editorial Board Member comments Dear authors, an editorial board member has reviewed your work that has been found interesting. Some minor changes are requestes. Best regards In this review the authors discuss A PRACTICAL NUTRITIONAL GUIDE TO MANAGE OBESITY THROUGH CHRONONUTRITION. The authors discuss extensivley chronobiology and chrononutrition and their role in obesity.We are very grateful to the Editorial Board Member for his/her appreciation of our findings and his/her most positive report. We are hopeful that the constructive suggestions and the proposed corrections will improve our exposition in the updated manuscript. All the corrections in the revised manuscript are made in green for the Reviewer's convenience. There are too much references. The authors should reduce as required in the minervaFormat the references to 100.Author's response: We agreed with your suggestion and reduced the number of references. Furthermore:-I suggest to associate to the reference 140 the following reference that discuss also the potential role of microbiota in this context• Mediterranean diet and probiotics supplementation to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Chronotype and Sleep Quality in Obesity: How Do They Change After Menopause?

“…Since it has been reported that postmenopausal women with an evening chronotype, escaping the "physiological" propensity for a morning chronotype, have higher health risks, such as more obesity or cardiometabolic diseases [46,81], new nutritional approaches that correct circadian alterations should be developed. Chrononutrition is a new area of research that investigates the effects of diet (particularly timing and nutrients) on CR [19]. In this context, foods and macronutrients at specific times of day have been shown to influence circadian oscillations in clock genes [19].…”

“…Chrononutrition is a new area of research that investigates the effects of diet (particularly timing and nutrients) on CR [19]. In this context, foods and macronutrients at specific times of day have been shown to influence circadian oscillations in clock genes [19]. For instance, it has also been documented that the fat consumed can influence the genes involved in the CR through epigenetic modifications [82].…”

“…Indeed, several foods have been associated with improvements or conversely worsening in sleep parameters [14][15][16][17][18]. In addition, circadian rhythms (CR) also seem to be affected by the influence of certain foods, as well as the timing of their introduction [19]. In this context, chrononutrition, a nutritional model based on eating certain foods at specific times of the day according to the rhythms of chronobiology [19], is becoming increasingly popular.…”

Is There a Utility of Chrono‐Specific Diets in Improving Cardiometabolic Health?

“…Considering that the circadian rhythmicity associated with carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity peaks in the morning and progressively declines towards the night, [45] it has been well-established that a higher proportion of daily carbohydrates should be consumed earlier in the day, while avoiding highcarbohydrate dinners to optimize glycemic control. [7,46] Besides assessing the quantity and distribution of carbohydrates, the quality-specifically the glycemic index (GI) of carbohydrates have also been evaluated in alignment with metabolic circadian patterns. Evidence suggest that the time of day may confound and/or supersede the impact of GI on overall glucose homeostasis throughout the day, whereby for the same carbohydrate amount and/or GI, the morning postprandial glycemic response is generally lower than that of the evening.…”

“…[ 102 ] Evidence have highlighted the circadian oscillatory nature of intestinal receptors modulating glucose absorption, such as the sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), governed by clock genes. [ 46 ] These in turn exhibits circadian rhythms in the absorptivity of various nutrients in line with fasting–feeding cycles. [ 4 ] Therefore, these present potential targets for identifying optimal timing of the intakes of polyphenols such as catechins, which have also been independently reported to inhibit SGLT1 and GLUT2.…”