The Clover Populations and Yields of a Kentucky Bluegrass Sod as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization, Clipping Treatments, and Irrigation<sup>1</sup>

Robinson, Roscoe R.; Sprague, V. G.

doi:10.2134/agronj1947.00021962003900020003x

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The magnitude and consistency of the differences in herbage yields noted in this experiment render it doubtful whether the effect attributed to the height of cutting factor was due either wholly or partly to chance. The present results are, in fact, in direct agreement with those reported by Robinson & Sprague (1947) who obtained greater yields of herbage by close-(in this case | in. from ground level) than by lax-cutting (2 in.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Studies on the cutting management of grass-clover swards. I. The effect of varying the closeness of cutting on the yields from an established grass-clover sward

Reid

1959

J. Agric. Sci.

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Experiments reported by Holmes (1948Holmes ( , 1949Holmes ( , 1951a and by Holmes & MacLusky (1954, 1955 have provided much valuable information on the fertilizer aspects of the intensive production of herbage for crop drying. A fairly standard management was applied throughout these experiments, and little attention was paid to the possible modifying influence of cutting management systems on the response of the grass-clover sward to fertilizer treatment. The management consisted of cutting the herbage four or five times per season at the long leafy stage with a reciprocating-blade mower. Jones (1933) conclusively demonstrated in a series of experiments that the balance of grass and clover in a sward can be altered by the particular grazing technique adopted. Since this undoubtedly applies under a cutting management also, studies were begun at the Hannah Institute in 1954 on the reaction of the grass-clover sward to varying cutting systems.In the experiment described in this paper the effects on the sward of cutting to two heights above ground level were compared under two cutting frequencies, and six fertilizer nitrogen treatments were superimposed. The results relating to the effects of the treatments on the clover fraction of the sward in this experiment have been reported in detail elsewhere (Reid, 1958) and this paper deals mainly with the overall reaction of the sward to the treatments. EXPERIMENTALThe experiment began in 1954 on a perennial ryegrass sward in its fourth harvest year. This sward proved to have an unevenly distributed clover population, so the experiment was transferred to another site in the spring of 1955. The sward on this second site was also perennial rye-grass dominant, but it was only in its third harvest year, and it had a much more uniformly distributed clover population than the sward on the first site. The experiment was continued for two seasons on the second site.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Robinson & Sprague (1947) and Mott (1944) have shown that close-cutting will benefit clover and mixed herbage yields only when the sward is allowed adequate time for recovery between cuts. Brougham (1956) showed that the yields from a short rotation rye-grass pasture in New Zealand were smaller from close-(down to 1 in.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the cutting management of grass-clover swards. I. The effect of varying the closeness of cutting on the yields from an established grass-clover sward

Reid

1959

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…(Hj). The results from this experiment agree with the work of Robinson and Sprague (19), Langille and Warren (13) and Reid (15,16). Italian ryegrass is a relatively erect species and although Weinman (21) reported a reduction in yield of erect species following low cutting, possibly because of repeated removal of the growing point reducing the vigour of the plants, no such reduction in yield of herbage DM was recorded in this experiment.…”

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confidence: 91%

The Effect of Cutting Height and Cutting Frequency on the Productivity of an Italian Ryegrass Sward

Binnie¹,

Harrington

1972

Grass and Forage Science

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Three cutting heights, 1, 3 and 5 in. (2-5, 7-6 and 12-7 cm), and three cutting frequencies, 3, 6 and 10 weeks, were imposed on a pure sward of Italian ryegrass {Lolium multifloruni) cv. Irish. Lowering the cutting height increased tbe yield of DM, digestible DM, crude protein and crude fibre. Increasing tbe interval between cuts increased tbe yield of DM, digestible DM and crude fibre. Tbe results are discussed in relation to otber researcb findings and to tbe management of sbort-term leys of Italian ryegrass.

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“…Blackmail (1938), working with an Agrostis sward, concluded that the suppression of clover in grass swards on the addition of fertilizer nitrogen was caused partly by shading of the clover through the increased growth of the grasses, and partly by the added nitrogen reducing nitrogen fixation by the clover and increasing competition for nitrogen between grass and clover. Robinson & Sprague (1947), working with Poa trivialis, again indicated that the effect of nitrogen was to increase the competition of grass with clover for light, space, moisture and nutrients. In a later paper Sprague & Garber (1950) showed the importance of stage of growth of the grass at the first cut in retaining clover.…”

Section: Production From Fertilizer Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intensive production of herbage for crop-drying Part VI. A study of the effect of intensive nitrogen fertilizer treatment on species and strains of grass, grown alone and with white clover

Holmes

MacLusky

1955

J. Agric. Sci.

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have shown the effect of nitrogenous and mineral fertilizers in maintaining high production from grassland. Most of these experiments were based on mixed swards, in which perennial ryegrass predominated. Simple one grass-one clover leys have increased in popularity, and much interest has been shown in the so-called pedigree or bred strains of grasses. There is little published evidence on the response of these strains and mixtures to fertilizer treatments. It was, therefore, decided to follow earlier studies by comparing the performance of commercial and pedigree strains of the most important species of grass under uniform conditions of cutting and at various levels of fertilizer treatment.Attempts have also been made in previous experiments to assess the efficiency of utilization of fertilizer nitrogen by the grass sward, but it has always been difficult to decide on a control yield since this is so much affected by the nitrogen contribution from clover normally present in the sward. In the present work, therefore, swards containing no clover were studied without fertilizer nitrogen and with two levels of fertilizer nitrogen, and were compared with grass-clover swards so that an assessment could be made of the net contribution of nitrogen from the clover.The experiment was established in 1948 and continued for 2 years in 1949 and 1950 with uniform cutting intervals for all grasses and treatments, the object being to determine the difference between grasses in yield, seasonal productivity, yield response to nitrogen and compatibility with clover. It was considered that in 1949 and 1950 the fixed cutting schedule might have reduced yields on the low fertility treatment by too frequent defoliation, or on the other hand might have reduced the quality of the herbage in the highest fertility treatment because it was not cut often enough. The treatments were continued, therefore, 18 in 1951 and 1952, but for each treatment the grass was cut when it was considered to be a suitable height for grass-drying, irrespective of the condition of the same grass under the other treatments.In 1953 an assessment was made of the residual fertility in the plots of the non-clover treatments, both as grass and when ploughed and cropped with oats. Clover dominance was established in the clover treatments by the end of 1950. In view of the practical importance of the influence of fertilizer nitrogen on clover-dominant swards a subsidiary experiment to study this was started on these swards in 1951 and continued in 1952 and 1953. EXPERIMENTALThe experiment was carried out on a level field of light loam which had been under arable crop for 3 years. A soil analysis made during May 1948, gave the following results: available P 2 O 5 , 8 mg./ 100 g.; available K 2 O, 9 mg./lOO g.; loss on ignition 11 %; pH 5-9. After this soil analysis, ground limestone (48% CaO) was applied at the rate of 1 ton per acre and the land was ploughed. A further 1 ton per acre of ground limestone was applied before the land was ploughed again in early summer; basi...

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The Clover Populations and Yields of a Kentucky Bluegrass Sod as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization, Clipping Treatments, and Irrigation¹

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

Studies on the cutting management of grass-clover swards. I. The effect of varying the closeness of cutting on the yields from an established grass-clover sward

Studies on the cutting management of grass-clover swards. I. The effect of varying the closeness of cutting on the yields from an established grass-clover sward

The Effect of Cutting Height and Cutting Frequency on the Productivity of an Italian Ryegrass Sward

The intensive production of herbage for crop-drying Part VI. A study of the effect of intensive nitrogen fertilizer treatment on species and strains of grass, grown alone and with white clover

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The Clover Populations and Yields of a Kentucky Bluegrass Sod as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization, Clipping Treatments, and Irrigation1

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

Studies on the cutting management of grass-clover swards. I. The effect of varying the closeness of cutting on the yields from an established grass-clover sward

Studies on the cutting management of grass-clover swards. I. The effect of varying the closeness of cutting on the yields from an established grass-clover sward

The Effect of Cutting Height and Cutting Frequency on the Productivity of an Italian Ryegrass Sward

The intensive production of herbage for crop-drying Part VI. A study of the effect of intensive nitrogen fertilizer treatment on species and strains of grass, grown alone and with white clover

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The Clover Populations and Yields of a Kentucky Bluegrass Sod as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization, Clipping Treatments, and Irrigation¹