Background:Allergens are foreign proteins that stimulate the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE), when they come in contact with human body. These allergens after binding with IgE through FcεRI receptor, triggers the signal transduction reaction in mast cell and basophil cells, leading to allergic reactions by releasing some mediators. Mast cell stabilizer block mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine 8 and related mediators e.g. leukotrienes (for basophils) and prostaglandin D2 and IL-5 (for mast cells) during hypersensitivity reaction. Though innumerable synthetic mast cell stabilizers are present 9 in our medicinal science, but the search for suitable natural product as mast cell stabilizer is still going on. 10 Comparative study shows that higher efficiency for natural product quercetin than synthetic compound cromolyn for inhibiting allergic reactions.11 Several inhibitors of IgE:FcεRI binding have been identified e.g. an anti-IgE therapeutic antibody (omalizumab) , an engineered protein inhibitor, DARPin E2_799-11, which are used to treat severe allergic asthma. 12,13 Polyphenols which are abundant in apple are proven effective for allergic rhinitis treatment by preventing degranulation of granulocytes in mast cells. 14,15,16 Procyanidins are polymeric form of catechins. In apple, almost 50% to 60% polyphenols are oligomers and polymers of catechins.Dimeric catechins are procyanidin B1, B2, C1 present in apple extract shows antiallergic activity on rhinitis treatment. Among them, procyanidin C1 extracted from unripe apples (Rosaceae mal- 815 lus) shows anti-allergic effect by various mechanisms e.g. FcεRI induced degranulation and cytokine production of mast cells. Procyanidin C1 which is related with intra-cellular signalling pathway,prevents FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation. 17 The flow cytometric study is confirmed that polymeric procyanidins supress the binding of IgE antibody to FcεRI.17 But the molecular mechanism for inhibitory effect on antibody IgE with FcεRI binding is unknown to all. A compound must have an anti-allergic activity if it inhibits the binding between Ig E antibody and FcεRI receptor during type I hypersensitivity reaction. Comparative studies on different procyanidins structures and physicochemical properties using computational methods will help us to identify apple extract, as herbal medicine in allergic reactions. Computational docking studies are used to elaborate the mechanism of action of various natural products e.g. quercetin glycosides as inhibitor of angiotensinconverting enzyme for the treatment of myocardial infarction 18 and fatty acids of black cumin oil as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein to improve pharmaceutics of many lifesaving drugs.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
X-ray crystallographic structures for human IgE, FcεRIreceptorThe three-dimensional structure of IgE (PDBID 4J4P) and FcεRI receptor (PDBID 1F2Q) are downloaded from the RCSB protein Data Bank.
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2D and 3D structures of procyanidin B1, B2, C1 an...