Th e main objective of the paper is to highlight the impact of agricultural performance on working poverty in the EU countries, in the 2008-2013 period, for identifying some measures that need to be taken to increase the agricultural performance so that the in-work poverty reduces. Th e comparative analysis shows that agricultural performance, according to the agricultural indicators analysed and the phenomenon of working poverty vary signifi cantly across the EU countries. Th e correlation and regression analysis results suggest that the high level of employment in agriculture in some EU countries can be mainly explained by the small scale agriculture, a high share of subsistence holdings and a low agricultural labour productivity. Th e results of the multiple regression analysis highlight that working poverty at the EU level is infl uenced positively by the employment in agriculture, and is infl uenced negatively by the economic size farm and land productivity. Moreover, the results show large cross-country diff erences in terms of agricultural performance-working poverty link, fact which emphasizes the need to take specifi c actions to improve effi ciency of the EU agricultural sector for reducing the working poverty. Th e fi ndings of the study can be useful for the policymakers to formulate policies for a decent and productive employment within a sustainable development of agriculture.